Kepentingan elemen beat dalam babak dua filem J Revolusi (2017)

Skrip merupakan asas dalam pembentukan sesebuah filem. Beberapa pengkaji terdahulu telah merungkaikan secara terperinci permasalahan dalam penghasilan skrip di Malaysia. Namun sepanjang penyelidikan yang telah dilakukan, tiada pengkaji yang menyentuh tentang kepentingan dan pembentukan elemen beat dalam babak dua secara khususnya. Justeru kajian ini merungkai kepentingan elemen beat dalam babak dua menerusi filem aksi J Revolusi (2017). Ia juga mengkaji tahap intensiti yang bersesuaian dengan durasi dalam adegan aksi bagi menimbulkan kesan keterujaan dan cemas pada audien. Analisis beat dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan struktur tiga babak Blake Snyder (2005) yang memfokuskan elemen beat babak kedua dalam filem aksi terpilih. Elemen beat tersebut terdiri daripada break into two, b story, fun & games, mid point, bad guys close in, all is lost, dark night of the soul dan break into three. Kutipan data juga dilakukan melalui temubual bersama pengarah dan penulis skrip filem aksi tersebut. Kajian ini mendapati elemen beat yang diperkenalkan oleh Blake Snyder penting bagi menjadikan aliran penceritaan sesebuah filem aksi itu lebih menarik dan tidak membosankan audien. Didapati tahap intensiti dan durasi adegan juga penting bagi memastikan kekuatan beat sesebuah adegan filem. Selain itu, kajian ini juga mendapati elemen naratif seperti watak perwatakan dan konflik memainkan peranan penting dalam pembentukan beat sesebuah penceritaan. Kajian ini mampu memberikan faedah kepada penulis skrip dalam menghasilkan sebuah skrip filem aksi yang baik. Ia memberi panduan kepada mereka untuk menyusun elemen naratif bagi memastikan adegan pembentukan beat bagi sesebuah adegan dapat dilakukan dengan berkesan

Anthropometric and physical performance profiles of Sabah youth netball player

Anthropometric and physical performance profiles of youth netball players have not been studied frequently. There have been limited studies focused on physical performances among youth netball players. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and physical performances of Sabah youth netball players by position. A total of ninety-one female netball players aged between 17 to 20 years old have participated in this study. Anthropometric (height, weight, and body mass index) and physical fitness performance (speed, agility, power, flexibility, and aerobic endurance) were collected. For anthropometric result showed that there was a significant difference between positions in height and weight (p.05). For physical fitness, the performance showed that there was no significant difference between the players’ positions in all fitness components (p>.05). These findings demonstrate that the height and body weight is different between positions in female netball players. This physical performance profiles may help coaches to improve athlete performance before a competitio

Kepentingan elemen beat sheet dalam struktur naratif filem aksi

Kajian ini akan merungkaikan kepentingan elemen beat sheet dalam sesebuah filem aksi. Penggunaan beat sheet adalah bertujuan untuk mengetahui elemen dan struktur naratif dalam sesebuah adegan yang seterusnya menyokong dalam membangunkan sesebuah filem genre aksi. Kaedah kualitatif yang digunakan adalah untuk menentukan elemen beat sheet dalam sesebuah cerita. Black Snyder’s (2010) menyarankan bahawa elemen-elemen skrip yang juga dipanggil sebagai beat sheet perlu dihasilkan dengan lebih tersusun dan sempurna untuk memastikan penghasilan sesebuah skrip filem yang berkualiti dan seterusnya mampu menjadikan sesebuah filem itu mencapai kutipan box office semasa tayangannya. Stail adalah melihat kepada bahasa filem yang digunakan dalam sesebuah adegan yang merangkumi audio, shot, penyuntingan dan aspek mise en scene yang lain. Namun elemen beat sheet harus dititikberatkan oleh penulis skrip dalam penghasilan sesebuah filem. Penulis skrip harus peka dan tahu susunan elemen beat sheet dalam sesebuah filem agar penceritaan sesebuah filem mencapai matlamat yang diinginkan. Pelbagai kajian telah dibuat berhubung dengan penghasilan skrip filem di Malaysia. Namun tiada penekanan pada elemen beat dalam sesebuah filem. Justeru, artikel ini akan memfokuskan kepada kepentingan elemen beat sheet dan struktur naratif dalam sesebuah skrip filem aksi. Analisis dilakukan dengan membincangkan secara lebih terperinci berdasarkan kepada kaedah analisis menerusi penontonan berterusan dengan melihat secara stop motion iaitu meneliti frame by frame gambar dalam setiap adegan di dalam beberapa buah filem aksi luar Negara

Occupational performance of the primary schoolchildren with special education needs in Malaysia: exploring the needs of school-based therapy service

Children’s occupational performance are activities of daily living, play/ leisure, social participation, education, and work. In developed countries, school-based therapy services are being provided for schoolchildren with special needs. The importance of these services in Malaysia is timely to be explored. This exploratory cross-sectional study identified occupational performance levels of primary schoolchildren with special needs in integrated special education programmes in Malaysia; children with intellectual disability, autism, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, Down syndrome, speech impairment, visual impairment, hearing impairment, and specific learning disorder. Researchers conducted Motor-Free Visual Perceptual Test Third Edition (MVPT-3), Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration Fifth Edition (Beery-VMI), Test of Gross Motor Development – 2 (TGMD-2), Test of Hand Writing Skills-Revised (THS-R), and School Function Assessment (SFA) for 121 students. Results showed that 69.5% of the students scored very low to low average in MVPT-3 (median standard score = 70.0, Std. IQR = 37); 69.4% were very low to below average in Beery-VMI (mean standard score = 78.8, Std. deviation = 20.5); 73% were below age level raw score in TGMD-2; 72.8% were below average in THS-R (median standard score = 74.0, Std. IQR = 27.0); and 81% were below the criterion cut-off in school function. The children with below-normal MVPT, VMI, TGMD2, and THS scores, compared to the children with normal scores for these tests had significantly lower scores (p < 0.001). All the students had impairment in occupation performance at least in one area. This study recommends school-based occupational therapy and other rehabilitation services in the school system in Malaysia

Assessment & facilitation of motor proficiency for fundamental learning skills among children with motor disability enrolled in Malaysian preschool and early education system

Acquisition of gross motor skill is a natural developmental process for children. This aspect of human development increases with one's chronological age, irrespective of any developmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of gross motor skill development among elementary school-aged children with motor disability. In this study, a total of 769 children were recruited from peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. Inclusive of 150 normal children and 619 with motor-disability (age range six to 10 years old) participated in the study. Ulrich's Test of Gross Motor Development Test (version 2000) was used to screen the gross motor developmental level of the participants. Overall findings revealed a significant differences among children with a different types of motor disabilities, in terms of locomotor skills [df (3) = 8.39; p = 0.000], object manipulation skills [df (3) = 10.75; p = 0.000] and Gross Motor Development Quotient (GMDQ) index [df (3)=10.82; p=0.000]. Besides the ANOVA analysis also showed that the basic movement skills performance of motor disabled children were related to their age; locomotor skills [df (3) = 18.01; p = 0.000], object manipulation skills [df (3) = 21.54; p = 0.000] and Gross Motor Development Quotient (GMDQ) index [df (3)=22.41; p=0.000]. However, significant difference was not observed when the interaction effect of both age and type of disability were analy

The Pleiotropic Role of Extracellular ATP in Myocardial Remodelling

Myocardial remodelling is a molecular, cellular, and interstitial adaptation of the heart in response to altered environmental demands. The heart undergoes reversible physiological remodelling in response to changes in mechanical loading or irreversible pathological remodelling induced by neurohumoral factors and chronic stress, leading to heart failure. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is one of the potent mediators in cardiovascular signalling that act on the ligand-gated (P2X) and G-protein-coupled (P2Y) purinoceptors via the autocrine or paracrine manners. These activations mediate numerous intracellular communications by modulating the production of other messengers, including calcium, growth factors, cytokines, and nitric oxide. ATP is known to play a pleiotropic role in cardiovascular pathophysiology, making it a reliable biomarker for cardiac protection. This review outlines the sources of ATP released under physiological and pathological stress and its cell-specific mechanism of action. We further highlight a series of cardiovascular cell-to-cell communications of extracellular ATP signalling cascades in cardiac remodelling, which can be seen in hypertension, ischemia/reperfusion injury, fibrosis, hypertrophy, and atrophy. Finally, we summarize current pharmacological intervention using the ATP network as a target for cardiac protection. A better understanding of ATP communication in myocardial remodelling could be worthwhile for future drug development and repurposing and the management of cardiovascular diseases