The Exploration of Protective factors on prevention working children’s substance abuse

BackgroundChild labor is one of the challenges among most big cities in the world. In recent years, substance abuse among working, and street children has become a common phenomenon. Thus, in the present study, the protective factors affecting the prevention of substance abuse among Iranian working children were identified by using the social-ecological approach.Materials and MethodsThe participants included Seventeen 8-15-year-old children who were the members of Imam Ali and Ilia non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Semi-structured in-depth interview interviews were used for data collection. Purposive sampling began in December 2015 and continued till data saturation in June 2016. Data were analyzed based on qualitative content-oriented analysis.ResultsDifferent protective factors were identified and classified at five levels of the social-ecological model. Four classes (belief, knowledge, attitude, skill) at the personal level, two classes (family and relatives) at the interpersonal level, two classes (governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations) at the organizational level, the class of living environment at the community level , and two classes (supportive policies and restrictive policies) at the public policies level were considered.ConclusionThe protective factors affecting the prevention of substance abuse are related to personal, household, social, organizational, and public policy factors. Thus, personal and social empowerment, social participation and capacity building seem necessary to strengthen the protective factors which play a significant role in the prevention of substance abuse among Iranian working children

The study of formulated Zoush ointment against wound infection and gene expression of virulence factors Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract Background The outbreak of MDR and XDR strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and increased resistance to infection in burn patients recommend the issue of infection control. In this research, we study ZOUSH herbal ointment for gene silencing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods The herbal ZOUSH ointment was formulated by alcoholic extracts of plants Satureja khuzestaniea, Zataria multiflora, Mentha Mozaffariani Jamzad, honey, and polyurethane. The MIC and disk diffusion tests were examined by single, binary, tertiary and five compounds. Three-week-old mice were considered to be second-degree infections by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. During the interval of 5 days, cultures were done from the liver, blood, and wound by four consecutive quarters and counting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was reported in the liver. In this study, silver sulfadiazine ointments and Akbar were used as a positive control. The gene gyrA reference was used as the control. Real-time RT-PCR results were evaluated based on Livak as the comparative Ct method. Results The In vitro results indicated that wound infection was improved by healing wound size in the treatment groups compared to control treatment group. In this research, the changes in gene expression were evaluated by molecular technique Real-time RT-PCR. The results showed downregulation exoS, lasA, and lasB after treatment with ZOUSH ointment. SPSS Analyses showed that reduction of expressions in genes exoS, lasA and lasB after treatment with ZOUSH ointment were significantly meaningful (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study showed that ZOUSH ointment has the positive effect for gene silencing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the mouse model with the second-degree burn. The positive effects decreased in the number of bacteria by reducing the expression of virulence bacteria genes as exoS, lasA and lasB and improvement of wound healing

Survey of legionella water resources contamination in Iran and foreign countries: A Systematic Review

Background and Aims: Several studies were investigated legionella contamination in natural and man- made water resources. The aim of this research was systematically review of legionella water contamination in natural and man-made resources in Iran and foreign countries. Materials and methods: In this systematic review study, the required data was collected using suitable keywords through PubMed, Science direct, Springer link, Google scholar, SID, Iranmedex, Irandoc and Magiran databases. Background and Aim: Several studies were investigated legionella contamination in natural and man- made water resources. The aim of this research was systematically review of legionella water contamination in natural and man-made resources. Materials and Methods: In this systematic review study, the required data was collected using suitable keywords through PubMed, Science direct, Springer link, Google scholar, SID, Iranmedex, Irandoc and Magiran databases. The search was conducted without publication date limitation. Survey and selection of articles was conducted based on PRISMA checklist and Cochrane quality assessment standards. Out of 1386 articles, 56 articles were considered after excluding the remaining articles which were not related to the study objectives. Identification and isolation of legionella with PCR technique and culture in BCYE is one of the article selection criteria. The relevant data were classified in extracted table and analyzed manually. Excel 2007 software was used for to draw diagrams. Due to heterogeneity of data meta-analysis could not be conducted.       Results: Out of 56 articles, 9 and 47 articles were published in Iran and foreign countries respectively. In Iran, 5.7-70% of samples were contaminated. In Iran’s hospitals 2.85-41.75% of samples were contaminated by Legionella pneumophila. In foreign countries, 0-100% of samples were contaminated and in these countries’ hospitals Legionella pneumophila contamination was 17%-98.7%. Conclusion: Although in Iran legionella water contamination is lower than foreign countries but, based on WHO guideline (1CFU/L) for legionella, planning for control of this bacteria and relevance infectious is one of the health priorities.   The search was conducted without publication date limitation. Survey and selection of articles was conducted based on PRISMA checklist and Cochrane quality assessment standards. Out of 1386 articles, 56 articles were considered after excluding the remaining articles which were not related to the study objectives. Identification and isolation of legionella with PCR technique and culture in BCYE is one of the article selection criteria. The relevant data were classified in extracted table and analyzed manually. Excel 2007 software was used for to draw diagrams. Due to heterogeneity of data meta-analysis could not be conducted. Results: Out of 56 articles, 9 and 47 articles were published in Iran and foreign countries respectively. In Iran, 5.7 - 70% of samples were contaminated. In Iran’s hospitals 2.85-41. 75% of samples were contaminated by Legionella pneumophila. In foreign countries, 0-100% of samples were contaminated and in these countries’ hospitals Legionella pneumophila contamination was 17%-98. 7%. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the conventional water treatment processes were not effective for legionella elimination and eradication of this agent should be considered in point off-use with effective techniques

Studying the effect of gene fusion of A and C types capsular synthesizing enzymes and anticancer sequence on inducing the expression of apoptotic BCL-2, BAX, and Caspase-3 genes by Real-time RT-PCR method

Background: Today, uterine cancer is one of the most important causes of death in the world and is one of the major problems in human health. There have been numerous reports of the effect of Streptococcus agalactiae peptide and capsular products against cancer cell lines. Objective: This study aimed to research recombinant peptide CPSA-CPSC-L-ACAN and investigate its apoptotic effect against the HeLa cell line by Real-Time-RT PCR. Design: In this study confirmation of the recombinant fusion peptide was performed by Western blotting. The effect of cytotoxicity of different concentrations of recombinant fusion peptide against the HeLa cell line was investigated by the MTT technique. The expression of apoptotic genes including BAX, BCL-2, and Caspase-3 in comparison with the GAPDH reference gene before and after exposure to recombinant fusion peptide was measured by Real-Time RT-PCR. Results: Recombinant fusion peptide at a concentration of 63 μg/ml destroyed 50% of the HeLa cell line in 24 h and cell treatment with this concentration increased gene expression of Caspase-3 genes by 16 times, bax by 6 times and decreased the expression of bcl-2 by 0.176 times. Conclusions: The results showed that treatment of the HeLa cell line with recombinant fusion peptide induced an apoptotic effect. The recombinant fusion peptide could probably help the medical community as a prophylactic or therapeutic treatment for cervical cancer

Prevalence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) in Iranian Clinical Specimens: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Although, nontuberculous mycobacteria can cause disease in different organisms, theyusually are not reported in most countries because scientists in general consider them as non-pathogens.But, increasing nontuberculous mycobacteria diseases occurrence has changed this belief. Nevertheless,there is no meta-analysis review about prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in Iran.Methods: Any data about prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in clinical specimens in Iranwere retrieved by searching data bases such as Pub Med, MEDLINE, and Iranian data bases. Then themeta-analysis was performed by comprehensive meta-analysis software (CMA).Results: The meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria in the clinicalspecimens in Iran was 1.3%. In the studies that had sample size less than 300, and in studies conductedafter 2004, the prevalence was higher. Also, the prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria was higherin the West of Iran. In this study, the most prevalent rapid-growing mycobacterium was Mycobacterium.fortuitum and most prevalent slow-growing mycobacterium was M. simiae with the prevalence 44.2%and 14.3%, respectively.Conclusion: M. simiae is the most prevalent nontuberculous mycobacteria in the clinical specimensin Iran. As this species of nontuberculous mycobacteria has similar clinical and radiologicalmanifestations with tuberculosis, it is often treated as tuberculosis. Unfortunately, M. simiae is resistantagainst first-line anti-TB drugs resulting in treatment failure after using routine anti-TB medication.Therefore, there is an urgent need for application of new diagnostic strategy for identification ofnontuberculous mycobacteria species.</span

The Study of Inhibition Effects Satureja khuzestaniea Essence against Gene Expression bap Acinetobacter baumannii with Real time PCR Technique

Background and Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii a major hospital pathogens and causes outbreaks of infections and associated to nosocomial infections, including bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and wound infections. Satureja khuzestaniea province the group Nnayyan and Carvacrol and thymol are antimicrobial activity of this plant. Biofilm-related genes (bap)-specific proteins on the cell surface generate a direct role in biofilm formation and infection of the bacteria is eliminated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract Satureja khuzestaniea in gene expression (bap) was A. baumanii if it can be as effective as a complementary treatment or therapy in infections caused by these bacteria and inhibit virulence genes used. Materials and Methods: In this study the effect of Satureja khuzestanica essence, an endemic plant of Iran, on the expression level of bap gene in A. baumannii   were investigated. For this purpose, MIC was determined for A. baumanii   . Then, bacteria were treated with S. khuzistanica essence. The bap genes expression in treated and non-treated bacteria, before and after treatment was evaluated using Real time PCR technique. Results: Surprisingly, the expression level of bap gene was decreased in the presence of S. khuzestanica. However, the expression of DNA gyrA gene that was used as an internal control was not altered before and after treatment with this herb. Conclusions: Based on the results, S. khuzestanica could play a, major role in lowering the A. baumannii   resistance to drugs, by reducing bap gene expression. According to results of current research we hope in future be used it to the clinic with a wider range as a complementary therapy and also for surgery operation

In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Natural Honeys in Comparison with Antibiotics on Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background and Aim: Several studies have been done that showed honey has been therapeutic effects on infection disease like Pseudomonas infections. Our aim of this study is evaluation of the antibacterial activity of mono floral and multi floral honeys from different origin of Iran on growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and compare their activities with artificial honey and antibiotics. Materials and Methods: Antimicrobial effect of honey was determined by disc diffusion and broth dilution method on 5 different concentration of honey. Results: The highest inhibition zone (16 ± 1/52 mm) was recorded from persimmon honey in disc diffusion method. In this study، the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for manna honey and other natural honeys obtained 25% and 12.5% respectively. While P. aeruginosa was inhibited at concentration of 50% (ml/ml) of artificial honey. Conclusions: This study showed that honey has a significant antibacterial effect on P. aeruginosa. There is a direct link between the concentration of honey and inhibition zone

The Study of Inhibition Effects Satureja khuzestaniea Essence against Gene Expression bap Acinetobacter baumannii with Real time PCR Technique

Background and Aim: Acinetobacter baumannii a major hospital pathogens and causes outbreaks of infections and associated to nosocomial infections, including bacteremia, pneumonia, meningitis, urinary tract infection, and wound infections. Satureja khuzestaniea province the group Nnayyan and Carvacrol and thymol are antimicrobial activity of this plant. Biofilm-related genes (bap)-specific proteins on the cell surface generate a direct role in biofilm formation and infection of the bacteria is eliminated. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of alcoholic extract Satureja khuzestaniea in gene expression (bap) was A. baumanii if it can be as effective as a complementary treatment or therapy in infections caused by these bacteria and inhibit virulence genes used. Materials and Methods: In this study the effect of Satureja khuzestanica essence, an endemic plant of Iran, on the expression level of bap gene in A. baumannii   were investigated. For this purpose, MIC was determined for A. baumanii   . Then, bacteria were treated with S. khuzistanica essence. The bap genes expression in treated and non-treated bacteria, before and after treatment was evaluated using Real time PCR technique. Results: Surprisingly, the expression level of bap gene was decreased in the presence of S. khuzestanica. However, the expression of DNA gyrA gene that was used as an internal control was not altered before and after treatment with this herb. Conclusions: Based on the results, S. khuzestanica could play a, major role in lowering the A. baumannii   resistance to drugs, by reducing bap gene expression. According to results of current research we hope in future be used it to the clinic with a wider range as a complementary therapy and also for surgery operation

The chemical composition and antibacterial activity of a methanolic extract of Satureja khuzistanica

In the present study, the metabolite profiling of methanolic extract from aerial parts of&nbsp;Satureja khuzistanica&nbsp;Jamzad, as an endemic medicinal plant from Iran, was evaluated using HPLC-PDA-ESI. Then, the main compound from the extract was isolated and purified by using extensive chromatographic techniques. In addition, the structure of the isolated compounds was elucidated using 1D, 2D NMR, and MS spectrometry, upon which 22 compounds were identified. The antibacterial activity of diosmetin 7-rutinoside (6) and linarin (13) in combination with carvacrol as a major compound of the essential oil was tested against&nbsp;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&nbsp;and&nbsp;Staphylococcus aureus&nbsp;through disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration methods. The results indicated that the linarin, when mixed with carvacrol as the main compounds in the essential oil of the plant, has a satisfactory activity against both&nbsp;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&nbsp;and&nbsp;Staphylococcus aureus&nbsp;with MIC values of 0.16 and 0.18 µg/mL, respectively. Further, the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index indicated that this compound had synergism with carvacrol

The role of manual thrombectomy in cardiovascular outcome among patients with total cutoff vessel myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention

BACKGROUND: The applicability of manual aspiration thrombectomy in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) has been a challenging issue. This study aimed to compare the impact of additive manual thrombectomy on patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and total cutoff vessel with standard primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) with bailout thrombectomy. METHODS: In this case-control study, 181 patients with acute STEMI were enrolled who referred to Chamran Hospital (Isfahan, Iran) between August to December 2014. The culprit lesion was treated with routine PPCI with bailout thrombectomy (111 patients) and routine primary thrombectomy then percutaneous coronary intervention [(PCI), 70 patients] during hospitalization and one month after discharge. Patients in the case group received manual thrombectomy before PPCI and patients in the control group received standard PPCI with bailout thrombectomy. Patients were followed during the study procedure, post-hospitalization and one month later for cardiovascular outcomes including death, recurrent MI, stroke, major bleeding, post PCI arrhythmia, no reflow, thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-flow and TIMI myocardial blush grade (TMBG), which were assessed and recorded. RESULTS: Myocardial perfusion and angiographic outcomes had no significant differences in the two groups (P = 0.730). There was also no significant difference in no reflow prevalence between the two groups (P &gt; 0.990). There were no significant differences for primary outcomes such as death, stroke, major bleeding and arrhythmia between the two groups (P &lt; 0.050). In particular, outcomes were the same for both groups during hospitalization period and one month after discharge. Mortality rate during hospitalization was 5.7% for the control group and 4.5% for the case group (P = 0.730). However, one-month mortality rate was quite similar in both groups. CONCLUSION: This study showed there is no significant difference in cardiovascular outcomes such as death, stroke, bleeding, arrhythmia, target vessel revascularization, and distal embolization during hospitalization and one month after discharge in patients with acute MI and total cutoff of the involved vessel, who underwent PPCI with and without primary Export&reg; aspiration catheter direct thrombosuction. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p