METABOLIC SYNDROME AND INFLAMMATION MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA AND RECURRENT DEPRESSIVE DISORDER

Background: The high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psychiatric disorders, almost double the prevalence reported for the general population, is worrying. The aim of this study is to investigate the presence of metabolic syndrome and inflammatory marker levels in patients with schizophrenia and recurrent depressive disorder in a Croatian psychiatric sample. Subjects and methods: This study included 62 inpatients with schizophrenia and 62 with recurrent depressive disorder treated at the Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Centre Split, enrolled from November 2011 until May 2012. The cases were compared to 124 healthy subjects from the general population. Results: The presence of metabolic syndrome was found in 56.5% of the patients with schizophrenia and 53.2% of the patients with depression, which was significantly more prevalent than in the control group (32.3%). The levels of inflammation markers (i.e., C-reactive protein and PAI-1) were significantly higher among patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Patients with schizophrenia and recurrent depressive disorder demonstrate a high prevalence of metabolic syndrome that is also related to inflammation processes. In the context of integrative medicine, clinicians and researchers should consider psychiatric patients within a holistic approach

Sleep disorders in COVID-19 patients: a monocentric prevalence study conducted on 337 patients

Introduction : Our study analysed the prevalence of sleep disorders (primarily insomnia and hyper- somnia) in patients who tested positive for Covid 19, as well as the distribution of insomnia/hyper- somnia in different subgroups of these patients (according to their age, gender, BMI, disease severity). Materials and methods: This prospective, noninvasive, cross sectional study was conducted at the Emergency department, Respiratory Center, and Respiratory Intensive care Center of University Hospital Dubrava from December 2020. until March 2021. It included patients whose tested posi- tive for Covid 19 and who reported at least one neurological symptom. Patients were examined, and interviewed face to face using a web – based structured questionnaire designed for the purposes of this study. Results: Of the 337 participants, 109 (32,34%) reported one of two possible symptoms associated with sleep disorder, primarily difficulty sleeping/insomnia ( dubbed „sleep disorder“) or sleepiness/ hypersomnia. Of the 337 participants, 61 (18%) reported sleep disorder while 48 (14%) reported hypersomnia. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of sleep disorder between men and women (ꭓ2 = 0,113, p = 0,737). Hypersomnia was more prevalent in women (ꭓ2 = 8,125, p = 0,004). Patients who had sleep disorder had a lower median age by 5 years compared to patients who did not have a sleep disorder (z = 2,6, p = 0,009). Patients who had hypersomnia had a median of age lower for 9 years than patients who did not have hypersomnia (z = 4,3, p = <0,001). There was no significant difference in BMI between patients with and without hypersomnia (z = 0,157, p = 0,875). There was no association of hypersomnia with the presence of pneumonia (ꭓ2 = 0,000, p =1,000). In our study sleep disorder was associated with pneumonia (ꭓ2 = 6.4, p = 0.012). Of the patients with a sleep disorder, 59% of them reported dispnea, 78% had pneumonia and72% were hospitalized. Of the admitted patients, only two of them were transferred to the Respiratory intensive care and were treated using mechanical ventilation. In the patient group with hypersomnia, 46% of patients reported dispnea, 64% had pneumonia and 48% were hospitalized, of which one patient was hospitalized in Respiratory intensive care, and did not require treatmeant with mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Sleep disorders are prevalent in one form or the other in little over a third of patients with a Covid infection. Age, gender, and the presence of pneumonia are associated with different types of sleep disorders. More studies are needed to investigate the potential effect of sleep on the outcome of patients with COVID 19

Sleep disorders in COVID-19 patients: a monocentric prevalence study conducted on 337 patients

Introduction : Our study analysed the prevalence of sleep disorders (primarily insomnia and hyper- somnia) in patients who tested positive for Covid 19, as well as the distribution of insomnia/hyper- somnia in different subgroups of these patients (according to their age, gender, BMI, disease severity). Materials and methods: This prospective, noninvasive, cross sectional study was conducted at the Emergency department, Respiratory Center, and Respiratory Intensive care Center of University Hospital Dubrava from December 2020. until March 2021. It included patients whose tested posi- tive for Covid 19 and who reported at least one neurological symptom. Patients were examined, and interviewed face to face using a web – based structured questionnaire designed for the purposes of this study. Results: Of the 337 participants, 109 (32,34%) reported one of two possible symptoms associated with sleep disorder, primarily difficulty sleeping/insomnia ( dubbed „sleep disorder“) or sleepiness/ hypersomnia. Of the 337 participants, 61 (18%) reported sleep disorder while 48 (14%) reported hypersomnia. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of sleep disorder between men and women (ꭓ2 = 0,113, p = 0,737). Hypersomnia was more prevalent in women (ꭓ2 = 8,125, p = 0,004). Patients who had sleep disorder had a lower median age by 5 years compared to patients who did not have a sleep disorder (z = 2,6, p = 0,009). Patients who had hypersomnia had a median of age lower for 9 years than patients who did not have hypersomnia (z = 4,3, p = <0,001). There was no significant difference in BMI between patients with and without hypersomnia (z = 0,157, p = 0,875). There was no association of hypersomnia with the presence of pneumonia (ꭓ2 = 0,000, p =1,000). In our study sleep disorder was associated with pneumonia (ꭓ2 = 6.4, p = 0.012). Of the patients with a sleep disorder, 59% of them reported dispnea, 78% had pneumonia and72% were hospitalized. Of the admitted patients, only two of them were transferred to the Respiratory intensive care and were treated using mechanical ventilation. In the patient group with hypersomnia, 46% of patients reported dispnea, 64% had pneumonia and 48% were hospitalized, of which one patient was hospitalized in Respiratory intensive care, and did not require treatmeant with mechanical ventilation. Conclusion: Sleep disorders are prevalent in one form or the other in little over a third of patients with a Covid infection. Age, gender, and the presence of pneumonia are associated with different types of sleep disorders. More studies are needed to investigate the potential effect of sleep on the outcome of patients with COVID 19