Local cellular immune response in chronic periodontitis

Microflora of the oral cavity forms a biofilm that induces response of immune system at the mucous membranes. Transition to periodontal lesion is provided by certain classes of resident mucosal immune cells and inflammatory/immune cells migrating to the periodont. In periodontal diseases, Th1, Th2, Th17, Treg are detected. T regulatory cells (Tregs) are proven to comprise the main anti-inflammatory cell population. Th17 cells and Treg cells play an important role in osteoclast differentiation. IL-17 secreted by Th17 cells affects osteoclastogenesis and may induce macrophages to enhance the local inflammatory response. In this regard, the aim of our work was to identify the local immune cells in oral cavity which are associated with severity of chronic generalized periodontitis. The oral cavity cells from 58 persons aged 38-65 years of both sexes in their mature age with a diagnosis of «chronic periodontitis» were examined by means of flow cytofluorometry. When determining levels of CD64+CD16+CD14- neutrophils in the patients with periodontitis of different severity, a statistically significant increase of this cell population was revealed upon development of this disease. In mild cases of periodontitis, a significant increase of relative CD64+CD16+CD14-  neutrophil contents was revealed (Me = 36.16%, p < 0.05) compared to the control group (Me = 7.7%, Q0.25 = 2.4%, Q0.75 = 12%). When assessing relative numbers of CD14+ monocytes in periodontitis of various severity, we revealed a significant increase in the number of these cells in severe cases. When studying levels of regulatory T lymphocytes (CD4+CD25+CD127low) in periodontitis of different severity, we revealed significantly decreased amounts of this cell population during development of the disease. In mild cases of periodontitis, a decreased level of CD4+CD25+CD127low cells (p < 0.05, Me = 1356 cells/ml) was revealed, as compared with control group (Me = 10666 cells/ml). Although the concentration of CD4+CD25+CD127low (Me = 4709 cells/ml) in the patients with moderate periodontitis was higher than the values in milder cases, the range of the main values was comparable and lower, than in control group. In severe periodontitis, a significantly decreased concentration of regulatory T lymphocytes was revealed (Me = 2637 cells/ml). These results confirm the anti-inflammatory regulatory function of Tregs. Understanding the osteo-immune mechanisms of bone remodeling control will help to understand the pathophysiology of accelerated bone loss observed in severe chronic periodontitis

Capabilities of high-frequency ventilation in the intensive care unit syndrome acute lung injury and respiratory distress syndrome

In order to ascertain the possibility of high-frequency ventilation in a respiratory therapy ALII ARDS were examined 47 patients with clinical - diagnostic criteria for this syndrome, which in the course of respiratory therapy, along with ventilation, controlled by pressure, was carried out high-frequency ventilation. All patients were investigated biomechanical properties of lung, acid base status and blood gas composition, assessed comprehensively in terms of the integral scales of assessment of severity. The study was derived a mathematical formula that calculates the possibility of a positive response to the high-frequency ventilation for a particular patient.С целью выяснения возможности применения высокочастотной искусственной вентиляции легких в комплексе респираторной терапии СОЛП/ОРДС, было обследовано 47 пациентов с клинико - диагностическими критериями данного синдрома, которым в процессе респираторной терапии наряду с вентиляцией, контролируемой по давлению, проводилась высокочастотная искусственная вентиляция легких. У всех пациентов исследовались биомеханические свойства легких, кислотно - основное состояние и газовый состав крови, проводилась комплексная оценка с позиций интегральных шкал оценки тяжести. В результате проведенного исследования была выведена математическая формула, позволяющая рассчитать возможность положительного ответа на высокочастотную вентиляцию легких для конкретного пациента

Assessment of the predictive value of the NTISS scale for neonatal outcomes

The aim of the work is to determine the predictive value of the NTISS scale at the stage of pre-transport preparation in relation to the treatment outcomes of newbornsЦелью работы является определение предиктивной ценности шкалы NTISS на предтранспортном этапе в отношении исходов госпитального этапа лечения новорожденны

Clinical features of acute clonidine poisoning in elders

Sixty six middle aged patients and 74 elder patients with acute clonidine poisonings were examined. The main feature was consciousness disorders with development of coma of the second (13.5%) and the third (5.4%) stage with respiratory depression. Slow heart rate and shock last from 2 to 4 days. Mortality rate was 3% in the middle aged patients and 19% in the elderly.Под наблюдением находилось 66 больных среднего возраста и 74 пациента с отравлением клофелином пожилого и старческого возраста. Основной чертой клинического проявления отравления клофелином является выраженное угнетение центральной нервной системы с развитием коматозного состояния II (13,5%) и III (5,4%) с угнетением функции дыхательного центра. Более тяжелые клинические проявления отравления отмечались в группе пациентов пожилого и старческого возрастаСроки лечения в группе больных среднего возраста составили 2,3+0,8 дня, летальность 3,0+0,5 %. В группе больных пожилого и старческого возраста койко - день составил 5,3+ 0,4 дня, летальность 18,9%

Mitochondrial respiratory states and rate

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to human health expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminologyconcerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. Thechemiosmotic theoryestablishes the mechanism of energy transformationandcoupling in oxidative phosphorylation. Theunifying concept of the protonmotive force providestheframeworkfordeveloping a consistent theoretical foundation ofmitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics.We followguidelines of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC)onterminology inphysical chemistry, extended by considerationsofopen systems and thermodynamicsof irreversible processes.Theconcept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and alignsconcepts and symbols withthe nomenclature of classicalbioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view ofmitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes.Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimatelycontribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thussupport the development of databases of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells.Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Typology and distribution of small farms in Europe: Towards a better picture

The contribution of small farms to local food supply, food security and food sovereignty is widely acknowledged at a global level. In the particular case of Europe, they often are seen as an alternative to large and specialised farms. Assessing the real role of small farms has been limited by a lack of information, as small farms are frequently omitted from agricultural censuses and national statistics. It is also well acknowledged that small farms differ widely, and are distributed according to different spatial patterns across Europe, fulfilling different roles according to the agriculture and territorial characteristics of each region. This paper presents the result of a novel classification of small farms at NUTS-3 level in Europe, according to the relevance of small farms in the agricultural and territorial context of each region, and based on a typology of small farms considering different dimensions of farm size. The maps presented result from an extensive data collection and variables selected according to European wide expert judgement, analysed with advanced cluster procedures. The results provide a fine grained picture of the role of small farms at the regional level in Europe today, and are expected to support further data analysis and targeted policy intervention