Genomic signatures of adaptive introgression and environmental adaptation in the Sheko cattle of southwest Ethiopia

<div><p>Although classified as an African taurine breed, the genomes of Sheko cattle are an admixture of Asian zebu and African taurine ancestries. They populate the humid Bench Maji zone in Sheko and Bench districts in the south-western part of Ethiopia and are considered as a trypanotolerant breed with high potential for dairy production. Here, we investigate the genome of Sheko cattle for candidate signatures of adaptive introgression and positive selection using medium density genome-wide SNP data. Following locus-ancestry deviation analysis, 15 and 72 genome regions show substantial excess and deficiency in Asian zebu ancestry, respectively. Nine and 23 regions show candidate signatures of positive selection following extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH)-based analyses (<i>iHS</i> and <i>Rsb)</i>, respectively. The results support natural selection before admixture for one <i>iHS</i>, one <i>Rsb</i> and three zebu ancestry-deficient regions. Genes and/or QTL associated with bovine immunity, fertility, heat tolerance, trypanotolerance and lactation are present within candidate selected regions. The identification of candidate regions under selection in Sheko cattle warrants further investigation of a larger sample size using full genome sequence data to better characterise the underlying haplotypes. The results can then support informative genomic breeding programmes to sustainably enhance livestock productivity in East African trypanosomosis infested areas.</p></div

Biphenyl-4,4′-dicarb­oxy­lic acid N,N-dimethyl­formamide monosolvate

Biphenyl-4,4′-dicarb­oxy­lic acid was recrystallized from N,N-dimethyl­formamide (DMF) yielding the title compound, C14H10O4·2C3H7NO. The acid mol­ecules are located on crystallographic centres of inversion and are hydrogen bonded to DMF mol­ecules. These hydrogen-bonded units form infinite chains although there is no inter­action between the methyl groups of neighboring DMF mol­ecules

Tailoring the properties of a-site substituted Ba1-xGd0.8La0.2+xCo2O6-δ

The double perovskite BaGd0.8La0.2Co2O6-δ (BGLC) shows excellent performance as oxygen electrode for Proton Ceramic Fuel Cells (PCFCs) and electrolyzer cells (PCEC), with polarization resistances in wet oxygen of 0.04 and 10 Ωcm2 at 650 and 350 ⁰C, respectively [1]. Compared with other reported PCFC cathodes [2], BGLC performs better both at high and low temperature. The excellent performance of BGLC in proton ceramic cells is rationalized by a suggested partial proton conductivity at intermediate temperatures, supported by significant hydration up to 400°C observed by thermogravimetric studies. However, the chemical stability of BGLC in high steam pressures under PCEC operation remains a concern due to its highly basic A-site. Thus, tailoring the A-site stoichiometry by partial substitution of Ba with La may be a viable route for further optimizing the balance between chemical stability and electrochemical performance. In the literature we find numerous defect chemical models describing REBaCo2O5.5+δ-type double perovskites, but these are typically limited to describing the oxygen non-stoichiometry. Little can be found which relates defect chemistry to electrochemical performance, electrical conductivity or hydration behavior. Thus, this contribution aims to develop a global defect chemical model of the system Ba1‑xGd0.8La0.2+xCo2O6-δ (x = 0-0.5) by investigating its structural and functional properties as a function of Ba-site substitution. The complex structural behavior of Ba-site substituted BGLC is elucidated by combining synchrotron and neutron diffraction data with high temperature XRD to describe the local Co-O environment and the degree of cation and anion ordering as a function of temperature and pO2. The implications of A-site stoichiometry on proton incorporation are further investigated by thermogravimetric hydration studies supported by neutron powder diffraction of dry and deuterated samples. Finally, these properties are linked to oxygen non-stoichiometry, electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance to develop and validate our general defect chemical model for the system Ba1‑xGd0.8La0.2+xCo2O6-δ (x = 0-0.5). Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

4,7,13,18-Tetra­oxa-1,10-diazo­nia­bicyclo­[8.5.5]icosane hexa­fluorido­silicate

The asymmetric unit of the title molecular salt, C14H30N2O4 2+·SiF6 2−, contains half of both the anion and the cation, both ions being completed by a crystallographic twofold axis passing through the Si atom. The cation has a cage structure with the ammonium H atoms pointing into the cage. These H atoms are shielded from inter­molecular inter­actions and form only intra­molecular contacts. There are short inter­molecular C—H⋯F inter­actions in the structure, but no conventional inter­molecular hydrogen bonds

4,7,13,18-Tetra­oxa-1,10-diazo­nia­bicyclo­[8.5.5]icosane bis­(hexa­fluorido­phosphate)

The asymmetric unit of the title structure, C14H30N2O4 2+·2PF6 −, contains the anion and half of the cation, the latter being completed by a crystallographic twofold axis. The cation has a cage structure with the ammonium H atoms pointing into the cage. These H atoms are shielded from inter­molecular inter­actions and form only intra­molecular contacts. There are short inter­molecular C—H⋯F inter­actions in the structure, but no conventional inter­molecular hydrogen bonds

Nanocobalt based (Co@Co(OH)2) sand nanocomposite applied to manganese extraction from contaminated water

publishedVersio

Poly[tris­(μ-2-amino­benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ato)tetra­kis­(N,N-dimethyl­formamide)­diyttrium(III)]

The asymmetric unit of the title coordination polymer, [Y2(C8H5NO4)3(C3H7NO)4]n, contains one Y3+ ion, three half-mol­ecules of the 2-amino­benzene-1,4-dicarboxyl­ate (abz) dianion and two O-bonded N,N-dimethyl­formamide (DMF) mol­ecules. Each abz half-mol­ecule is completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry and its –NH2 group is disordered in each case [relative occupancies within the asymmetric unit = 0.462 (18):0.538 (18), 0.93 (2):0.07 (2) and 0.828 (16):0.172 (16)]. The combination of disorder and crystal symmetry means that each of the four C—H atoms of the benzene ring of each of the dianions bears a statistical fraction of an –NH2 group. The coordination geometry of the yttrium ion is a fairly regular YO8 square anti­prism arising from its coordination by two DMF mol­ecules, four monodentate abz dianions and one O,O-bidentate abz dianion. The polymeric building unit is a dimeric paddle-wheel with two metal ions linked by four bridging abz dianions. Further bridging linkages connect the dimers into a three-dimensional framework containing voids in which highly disordered DMF mol­ecules are presumed to reside

Digging into the genomic past of Swiss honey bees by whole-genome sequencing museum specimens

Historical specimens in museum collections provide opportunities to gain insights into the genomic past. For the Western honey bee, Apis mellifera L., this is particularly important because its populations are currently under threat worldwide and have experienced many changes in management and environment over the last century. Using Swiss Apis mellifera mellifera as a case study, our research provides important insights into the genetic diversity of native honey bees prior to the industrial-scale introductions and trade of non-native stocks during the 20th century-the onset of intensive commercial breeding and the decline of wild honey bees following the arrival of Varroa destructor. We sequenced whole-genomes of 22 honey bees from the Natural History Museum in Bern collected in Switzerland, including the oldest A. mellifera sample ever sequenced. We identify both, a historic and a recent migrant, natural or human-mediated, which corroborates with the population history of honey bees in Switzerland. Contrary to what we expected, we find no evidence for a significant genetic bottleneck in Swiss honey bees, and find that genetic diversity is not only maintained, but even slightly increased, most probably due to modern apicultural practices. Finally, we identify signals of selection between historic and modern honey bee populations associated with genes enriched in functions linked to xenobiotics, suggesting a possible selective pressure from the increasing use and diversity of chemicals used in agriculture and apiculture over the last century.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio