Etude du déséquilibre de liaison dans des lignées de poules de types génétiques "ponte" et "chair"

International audienceLa structure du déséquilibre de liaison (DL) au sein des populations en sélection impacte fortement la précision obtenue lors des études de cartographie de QTL ou lors de l'évaluation génomique des reproducteurs. Chez les oiseaux, la structure hétérogène du génome nécessite de décrire précisément le DL pour optimiser la sélection. L'utilisation des puces SNP haute densité pour le génotypage des populations de volailles est une opportunité pour approfondir notre connaissance de la structure du DL de ces populations. L'objectif de cette étude est d'acquérir une connaissance haute résolution de la structure du DL au sein de populations de poules de types ponte et chair. Nous avons analysé les génotypes (puce 600 K Affymetrix® Axiom® HD SNP) de 1541 animaux issus de 3 populations. L'étendue et le niveau du DL ont été estimés par le r 2 moyen à distance physique donnée entre SNP. Cette étude met en évidence des différences importantes de structure du DL entre lignées et entre chromosomes. L'étendue et le niveau du DL sont plus importants dans les lignées de type ponte ou pour les macro-chromosomes et le chromosome Z. Ce niveau important de DL peut faciliter la détection de QTL sur ces chromosomes, mais peut également compliquer la localisation fine de polymorphismes causaux. A l'inverse, le faible niveau de DL observé sur les micro-chromosomes nécessite l'utilisation d'une forte densité de SNP pour détecter une association avec un phénotype, mais devrait permettre la cartographie fine d'un polymorphisme causal. Ces différences sont à prendre en considération pour définir une stratégie de génotypage économique et efficace pour la cartographie fine de QTL ou l'évaluation génomique. ABSTRACT A Linkage disequilibrium study in layers and broiler commercial chicken populations. Knowledge of the linkage disequilibrium (LD) pattern is useful in animal genetic studies as it underlies mapping studies and genomic selection. This is all the more important in birds given the heterogeneous structure of the avian karyotype. Recently, the availability of the high density 600 K Affymetrix® Axiom® HD SNP genotyping array allowed to assess an in-depth knowledge of the LD pattern in chicken genome. The aim of the present study was to assess a higher resolution of the LD pattern in chicken genome in layer and broiler lines. In this study, we analyzed genotypes of 1541 animals from layers and broiler commercial populations to characterize their LD pattern. LD was measured by the average r 2 value at a given physical distance between SNP. LD extended over a larger region for layer lines than for broiler line. Most differences between lines appeared at small interval distances (< 0.5Mb). LD extent and decay differed considerably between chromosomes categories. Average r 2 values were higher for Z chromosome than for macro, intermediates and micro-chromosomes. The extent of useful LD observed for autosomal chromosomes was at least tenfold longer for layer lines than for broiler. Finally, this study shed light on high LD for Z chromosome. The differences in LD pattern observed between chromosomes and chicken lines should be taken into account to define an economically efficient genotyping strategy

Intensive care ultrasound: VI. Fluid responsiveness and shock assessment

SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Evaluation of fluid responsiveness by ultrasound

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Do we need to monitor cardiac output during major surgery?

CommentEditorialSCOPUS: ed.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Do We Need to Monitor Cardiac Output during Major Surgery?

CommentEditorialSCOPUS: ed.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Perioperative sonographic monitoring in cardiovascular surgery

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Pocket ultrasound devices for focused echocardiography.

ABSTRACT: Pocket ultrasound devices have recently been developed and may be particularly useful for emergency assessment. These devices can be stored in a pocket but share only some technical features with conventional echocardiographic machines. Two-dimensional imaging and color flow mode are available, with possible adjustments of global gain and depth, but Doppler features are lacking. These devices are particularly fitted for focused echocardiography. In this issue, a trial compares a pocket ultrasound device with a conventional echocardiographic machine for focused echocardiography in patients admitted to the emergency department. This commentary will put these findings into perspective.EDITORIALSCOPUS: no.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

The role of invasive techniques in cardiopulmonary evaluation.

To discuss the role of the invasive monitoring techniques pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) and transpulmonary thermodilution (TPD) for cardiopulmonary monitoring in the critically ill patient.Journal ArticleReviewSCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation

Purpose of Review: To discuss the role of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in patients with cardiac arrest. Recent Findings: Return to spontaneous circulation dramatically decreases with the duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In this context, it has been proposed to implement venoarterial ECMO in order to assist CPR (ECPR) both in inhospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) and in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Summary: This review highlights that ECPR is feasible for both IHCA and OHCA. In the recent series, the outcome of ECPR in IHCA is satisfactory, with survival rates good with neurologic outcome reaching the 40-50% range. All series converge in highlighting that time from cardiac arrest to ECMO flow is a critical determinant of outcome, with survival rates of 50% when initiated within 30?min of IHCA, 30% between 30 and 60?min, and 18% after 60?min. Results of ECPR in OHCA are more challenging. Recent series suggest that good outcome can be obtained in 15-20% of the patients, provided that time from arrest to ECMO is shorter than 60min. Duration of cardiac arrest seems to be more important than location of cardiac arrest. ECPR thus seems to be a valuable option in selected cases. 2014 Wolters Kluwer HealthSCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

High rate ultrafiltration in anasarca: 33 liters of net negative fluid balance in 52 hours!

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