Laboratory Procedure for Measuring the Effectiveness of Dust Control Palliatives

Creation of fugitive dust on unpaved roads results in the loss of up to 25 mm (one inch) of surface aggregate annually (FHWA, 1998). On these roads, shearing forces created by vehicles dislodge the fine aggregate fraction (silt and clay) that binds the coarse aggregate. Turbulent airflow created by vehicles loft these fine particles in plumes of fugitive dust that impact health, safety, and quality of life. The loss of these particles results in raveling of the road surface, culminating in large annual losses of surface aggregate. Chemical dust control (palliatives) is an attractive option. However, there are currently no accepted field or laboratory performance testing procedures for chemical road dust palliatives. The lack of a method to predict palliative performance forces engineers and road managers into a trial-and-error methodology or reliance on personal judgment and supplier claims to determine what will work best on their unpaved road or runway surfaces. The overall objective of this research was to finalize the development of a laboratory test procedure for evaluating different dust control formulations and application rates required to effectively control the airborne suspension of dust particles in the size range (aerodynamic diameter) of 10 μm or less.Pacific Northwest Transportation Consortiu

Guidelines for the Use of Synthetic Fluid Dust Control Palliatives on Unpaved Roads

The amount of small soil particles, dust, lost from typical unpaved roads to fugitive dust is staggering. A 1 km stretch of unpaved road can contribute over 2400 kg of dust to the atmosphere (4.2 ton/mile) in a typical 3-month summer season. Road managers typically manage dust from unpaved roads with various dust-control palliatives, which are effective for up to 1 year. Synthetic fluids are a relatively new category of dust-control palliatives. Unlike the more commonly used dust-control palliatives, such as salts, engineering guidelines do not exist for the application and maintenance of synthetic fluids on unpaved roads. To fill this void, we present through this document guidelines for road design and maintenance, palliative selection, application, and care of synthetic fluid-treated roadways.Midwest Industrial Supply United States Department of TransportationReport Documentation Page .............................................................................................. ii Disclaimer ......................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures .................................................................................................................... vi Executive Summary............................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1.0 – Introduction............................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2.0 – Background.............................................................................................. 6 Measurements of the Effectiveness of Dust Palliatives .....................................................10 CHAPTER 3.0 – Guidelines .............................................................................................. 16 Road Design and Maintenance...........................................................................................16 Palliative Selection..............................................................................................................20 Application .........................................................................................................................22 Areas Requiring Special Attention......................................................................................26 Maintenance .......................................................................................................................27 CHAPTER 4.0 – Summary................................................................................................. 31 CHAPTER 5.0 – References.............................................................................................. 3

Managing Dust on Unpaved Roads and Airports

INE/AUTC 14.1

Projector - a partially typed language for querying XML

We describe Projector, a language that can be used to perform a mixture of typed and untyped computation against data represented in XML. For some problems, notably when the data is unstructured or semistructured, the most desirable programming model is against the tree structure underlying the document. When this tree structure has been used to model regular data structures, then these regular structures themselves are a more desirable programming model. The language Projector, described here in outline, gives both models within a single partially typed algebra and is well suited for hybrid applications, for example when fragments of a known structure are embedded in a document whose overall structure is unknown. Projector is an extension of ECMA-262 (aka JavaScript), and therefore inherits an untyped DOM interface. To this has been added some static typing and a dynamic projection primitive, which can be used to assert the presence of a regular structure modelled within the XML. If this structure does exist, the data is extracted and presented as a typed value within the programming language

Prison wardens\u27 perceptions of sex offenders, sex offender registration, community notification, and residency restrictions.

There is relatively little known about how criminal justice system actors perceive sex offenders and the fairness, efficacy, and scope of policies aimed at sex offenders. Similarly, there is sparse research that specifically examines the attitudes, beliefs, and experiences of prison wardens. Following in the footsteps of earlier research (Tewksbury & Mustaine, 2011; Tewksbury, Mustaine, & Payne, 2011, in press), the present study addresses these gaps by considering the attitudes and beliefs toward sex offenders held by wardens. This examination includes perceptions about sex offenders as prison inmates, sex offender registration, community notification, and residency restrictions. Further, this research assesses the utility of the 18-item Community Attitudes Toward Sex Offenders (CATSO) scale (Church, Wakeman, Miller, Clements, & Sun, 2008), which was advocated for use with criminal justice system actors, to determine whether or not the instrument can be effectively utilized with wardens. Findings and policy implications are discussed

COMPLEXITY IN DISASTERS: A CASE STUDY OF THE HAITIAN EARTHQUAKE RESPONSE

This case study explores the development of an international crisis response from the perspective of the United States Coast Guard (USCG). Crisis managers, responders, and communicators from the USCG and from partner agencies were interviewed, as well as representatives from the Haitian publics of the response. The resulting narrative was used to test the previously untested Situational Theory of Problem Solving (STPS) and complexity theory, which had not previously been applied to international disaster response. Findings validated both theories and demonstrated the importance of cultural translators in effecting international disaster response. This study served as a preliminary test of STPS, and a first international application of complexity theory. Practical implications include guidance for crisis managers on how to respond to crises in a complex world, as well as how to harness cultural awareness when responding internationally

Infusing Disability Studies into “Mainstream” Educational Thought: One Person’s Story

The purpose of this article is to explore how ideas from disability studies can inform “mainstream” educational practice. In this autoethnographic narrative I describe a personal journey of planning, teaching, and evaluating a 3-hour “in service” presentation for high school principals. In my account of this event I alternate between a description of the content, my personal reflections, and participant reactions. I demonstrate how the content and format of this kind of presentation can serve as a formalized context for generating a much needed dialogue between disability studies and current practices in the field of education

Die Bedeutung von Einstellungen und pädagogischen Fähigkeiten von Lehrkräften für inklusiven Unterricht. Aufgaben und Implikationen für die Lehrkräfteaus- und -fortbildung

In this article the author advocates using Disability Studies in Education as a discipline to inform work about inclusive education. Second, he discusses teacher (1) dispositions (beliefs and responsibilities) about human differences; (2) skills in pedagogical flexibility; and, (3) ability to collaborate with others, as the critical areas necessary for creating and maintaining inclusive classrooms. Third, he poses questions to serve as a springboard for further discussions about inclusive education regarding teacher educators\u27 responsibilities to preservice and in-service teachers. (DIPF/Orig.)In diesem Beitrag schlägt der Autor erstens vor, Disability Studies aus dem Bereich der Bildungswissenschaften dafür zu nutzen, auf die Durchführung von inklusivem Unterricht vorzubereiten. Zweitens geht er auf drei Aspekte ein, die er für die Ermöglichung und Umsetzung von inklusivem Unterricht für zentral hält: (1) die Einstellungen (Überzeugungen und Haltungen) von Lehrkräften in Bezug auf Unterschiede zwischen Menschen, (2) ihre Fähigkeit, pädagogisch flexibel zu handeln, und (3) ihre Bereitschaft und Fähigkeit zur Zusammenarbeit mit anderen. Drittens formuliert er einige Fragen, die als Sprungbrett für weitere Diskussionen über inklusiven Unterricht dienen sollen, wobei er auf die Verantwortung von Lehrenden sowohl in der Lehreraus- als auch in der Lehrerfortbildung eingeht. (DIPF/Orig.