The Evaluation of Low-Use-Rate Zinc Fertilization Strategies on Seedling Canopy Coverage, Zn Concentration, Biomass, and Grain Yield

Zinc (Zn) is the most common micronutrient deficiency in flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.). Some new Zn fertilization methods have been advertised, but have limited research supporting their efficacy. This study mainly compared the effect of Zn-seed treatment rate in combination with other low-use-rate Zn-fertilization methods to the standard of 11 kg Zn ha-1 as ZnSO4 on rice early-season canopy cover, tissue-Zn concentration, and grain yield. A secondary objective evaluated an alternative method (to seed treatment with ZnO) of enhancing seed-Zn concentration using post-heading foliar-Zn application on seedling tissue-Zn concentration and grain yield. For the main objective, rice seed was treated with 0 or 3.3 g Zn kg-1 using ZnO. The treated rice seed was planted and received the following Zn treatments in the field: i) no-Zn, ii) granular ZnSO4 applied at 11 kg Zn ha-1 (GRAN), iii) 1.68 kg Zn ha-1 as MicroEssentials (MESZ), iv) 1.1 kg Zn ha-1 as foliar-applied Zn-EDTA (EDTA), and v/vi) 0.56 and 1.12 kg Zn ha-1 of WolfTrax Zn-DDP (DDP). For the second objective, in 2017, rice seed was biofortified by applying 0, 1, 2, or 3 applications of 1.75 kg Zn ha-1 as ZnSO4 solution after 100% panicle emergence. In 2018, a greenhouse experiment evaluated non-fortified rice seed treated with ZnO compared to Zn-biofortified seed without a ZnO coating. In the field, each level of biofortified rice was planted with and without a ZnO-seed treatment. For the first objective, canopy coverage at two site-years was significantly affected by Zn-fertilization method or the significant Zn-seed treatment rate and Zn-fertilization method interaction. Rice fertilized with MESZ had the greatest canopy coverage at these sites. Rice receiving GRAN, increased seedling-Zn concentration by at least 4.3 mg Zn kg-1 above rice not receiving Zn. A ZnO-seed treatment increased seedling-Zn concentration above rice that did not receive a ZnO-seed treatment. In general, low-use-rate Zn fertilizers provide minimal Zn nutrition for rice seedlings, and should be avoided on fields where Zn deficiencies are probable. For the second objective investigating biofortification of rice seed with Zn, the ZnO-seed treatment provided greater Zn nutrition for seedling rice compared to biofortified rice grains indicating that ZnO-seed treatments are more advantageous than Zn biofortification for early-season Zn nutrition of seedling rice

Choices made: a memoir

About the Book David McLaughlin called this book a personal memoir, one focusing centrally upon my relationship during more than half a century to my alma mater, Dartmouth College (Choices Made, page vii). He focuses on his memories of Dartmouth, from his time as a student and member of the undergraduate Class of 1954 to his passing of the presidential mantle to James O. Freedman in 1987. About the Author David T. McLaughlin was the 14th President of Dartmouth College, serving from 1981-1987. He also served in high-level positions at a variety of organizations, including the Aspen Institute and CBS Corporation. About the Electronic Publication This electronic publication of Choices Made was made possible with the permission of the Dartmouth College Library. The University Press of New England created EPUB, MOBI, and PDF files from a scanned copy of the book. Rights Information Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License © Judith Landauer McLaughlinhttps://digitalcommons.dartmouth.edu/legacy/1009/thumbnail.jp

Stakeholder Education About the Designation of Coastal Zones for the Protection of the Florida Manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris): The Manatee Awareness and Protection Resource (MAPR) Web Site

In Florida, boaters often have close encounters with Florida manatees (Trichechus manatus latirostris), a protected marine mammal. Manatee protection zones are established to regulate boating traffic in coastal areas where manatees may be at risk of injury. Public debate over the demarcation of the zones is acrimonious. The Boating and Waterways Management Program of Florida Sea Grant created the Manatee Awareness and Protection Resource (MAPR) Web site to promote stakeholder education and awareness surrounding the designation of manatee protection zones. The Web site includes an interactive map that allows visitors to visualize some of the factors involved in delineating manatee protection zones

Search for production of strangelets in quark matter using particle correlations

We present a new technique for observing the strangelet production in quark matter based on unlike particle correlations. A simulation is presented with a two-phase thermodynamical model

Identifying Injection Drug Users at Risk of Nonfatal Overdose

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75145/1/j.1553-2712.2007.tb01846.x.pd

Antiretroviral Intensification and Valproic Acid Lack Sustained Effect on Residual HIV-1 Viremia or Resting CD4+ Cell Infection

Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection that persists despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a daunting problem. Given the limited evidence that resting CD4+ T cell infection (RCI) is affected by the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor valproic acid (VPA), we measured the stability of RCI and residual viremia in patients who added VPA with or without raltegravir (RAL), or enfuvirtide (ENF) with or without VPA, to standard ART. Methods: Patients with plasma HIV RNA,50 c/mL added sustained-release VPA (Depakote ERH) twice daily, RAL 400 mg twice daily, or ENF 90 mcg twice daily. Change in RCI was measured by outgrowth assays. Low-level viremia was quantitated by single-copy plasma HIV RNA assay (SCA). Results: In three patients on standard ART a depletion of RCI was observed after 16 weeks of VPA, but this effect waned over up to 96 weeks of further VPA. In two patients ENF added to stable ART had no effect on RCI. Simultaneous intensification with ENF and addition of VPA had no effect on RCI frequency in one patient, and resulted in a 46% decline in a second. No significant depletion of RCI (.50%) was seen in six volunteers after the addition of RAL and VPA. In 4 of the 6 patients this lack of effect might be attributed to intermittent viremia, low VPA levels, or intermittent study therapy adherence. Overall, there was no effect of the addition of RAL or ENF on low-level viremia measured by SCA. Conclusions: The prospective addition of VPA and RAL, VPA and ENF, or ENF failed to progressively reduce the frequency of RCI, or ablate intermittent and low-level viremia. New approaches such as more potent HDAC inhibition, alone or in combination with intensified ART or other agents that may disrupt proviral latency must be pursued

Preliminary Evidence of Health Care Provider Support for Naloxone Prescription as Overdose Fatality Prevention Strategy in New York City

Preliminary research suggests that naloxone (Narcan), a short-acting opiate antagonist, could be provided by prescription or distribution to heroin users to reduce the likelihood of fatality from overdose. We conducted a random postal survey of 1,100 prescription-authorized health care providers in New York City to determine willingness to prescribe naloxone to patients at risk of an opiate overdose. Among 363 nurse practitioners, physicians, and physician assistants responding, 33.4% would consider prescribing naloxone, and 29.4% were unsure. This preliminary study suggests that a substantial number of New York City health care providers would prescribe naloxone for opiate overdose prevention.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40255/2/Coffin_Preliminary Evidence of Health Care Provider_2003.pd

Interobserver Variation Study of the Rutgeerts Score to Assess Endoscopic Recurrence after Surgery for Crohn's Disease.

BACKGROUND: After resection surgery for Crohn's disease, recurrence of endoscopic lesions at the site of the anastomosis or in the neoterminal ileum is graded according to the Rutgeerts score (RS). The goal of this study was to test the interobserver variability for RS. METHODS: Thirteen trained endoscopists evaluated the RS on 39 videotapes of patients who had undergone resection for Crohn's disease with an ileocolonic anastomosis 6 months earlier. Videotapes were randomly assigned to endoscopists through a balanced incomplete block design. Each videotape was scored independently by four endoscopists, and each endoscopist evaluated 12 videotapes, making a total of 156 videotape assessments. Reproducibility levels of the RS were assessed through unweighted kappa estimates among multiple raters. The proportion of inappropriate therapeutic initiation was estimated by randomly selecting one endoscopist for each videorecording, assuming that the majority of endoscopists correctly classified endoscopic recurrence. RESULTS: The kappa estimates were 0.43 (95% confidence interval: 0.33-0.52) for the RS on a 5-grade scale, 0.47 (0.28-0.66) for RS /= i2, and 0.64 (0.42-0.85) for RS i2. The percentages of inappropriate therapeutic initiation were 12.8% (3.8-21.9) when initiation was triggered by a RS >/= i2 and 8.3% (1.1-15.6) when initiation was triggered by a RS > i2 (p = 0.41). CONCLUSION: The reproducibility of the RS was moderate, especially when differentiating /=i2, which may lead to incorrect therapeutic decisions in >10% of patients