2,497 research outputs found
Understanding Changes in MĂąori Incomes and Income Inequality 1997-2003
This paper reports findings from a study of changes in MĂąori income levels and income dispersion between 1997 and 2003. Data from Statistics New Zealandâs Income Survey are used to describe and evaluate the main changes in the MĂąori income distribution in this period, which was marked by substantial increases in employment rates and improvements in the skill levels of working-aged MĂąori. A parallel analysis of the main changes in the European/PĂąkehĂą income distribution is provided for comparative purposes. The results show significant reductions in the proportion of MĂąori with no weekly income in the reference week, or incomes of 550 per week. Income inequality within the total working-aged MĂąori population declined, while income inequality among employed MĂąori was stable. An analysis of some of the key factors contributing to change in the income distribution suggests that the transition of many MĂąori into employment during this period was the single most important driver of change.Individual income distribution; Inequality; MĂąori; Kernel density estimation
Understanding Changes in Maori Incomes and Income Equality 1997-2003
This paper reports findings from a study of changes in Maori income levels and income dispersion between 1997 and 2003. Data from Statistics New Zealand's Income Survey are used to describe and evaluate the main changes in the Maori income distribution in this period, which was marked by substantial increases in employment rates and improvements in the skill levels of working-aged Maori. A parallel analysis of the main changes in the European/Pakeha income distribution is provided for comparative purposes. The results show significant reductions in the proportion of Maori with no weekly income in the reference week, or incomes of 550 per week. Income inequality within the total working-aged Maori population declined, while income inequality among employed Maori was stable. An analysis of some of the key factors contributing to change in the income distribution suggests that the transition of many Maori into employment during this period was the single most important driver of change.Individual income distribution; Inequality; Maori; Kernel density estimation
Changes in the Maori Income Distribution: Evidence from the Population Census
This paper uses census data to identify the main changes in the individual-level income distribution of working-aged Maori between 1991 and 2001, and to analyse the effects of changes in the distribution of socio-demographic attributes and labour market activity patterns on the Maori income distribution. There was substantial real income growth at most points in the income distribution, and particularly at points above the 30th percentile, but a decline in real incomes at the very lowest percentiles. The socio-demographic and labour market changes considered help to explain much of the income growth that was recorded at lower-middle to upper levels of income. However, they fail to account for the increase in the proportion of people with negative, nil, or very low incomes.Individual income distribution, Inequality, Maori
Changes in the MĂąori Income Distribution: Evidence from the Population Census
This paper uses census data to identify the main changes in the individual-level income distribution of working-aged MĂąori between 1991 and 2001, and to analyse the effects of changes in the distribution of socio-demographic attributes and labour market activity patterns on the MĂąori income distribution. There was substantial real income growth at most points in the income distribution, and particularly at points above the 30th percentile, but a decline in real incomes at the very lowest percentiles. The socio-demographic and labour market changes considered help to explain much of the income growth that was recorded at lower- middle to upper levels of income. However, they fail to account for the increase in the proportion of people with negative, nil, or very low incomes.Individual income distribution, Inequality, MĂąori
Advanced Techniques for Multiparton Loop Calculations: A Minireview
We present an overview of techniques developed in recent years for the
efficient calculation of one-loop multiparton amplitudes, in particular those
relying on unitarity and collinear factorization.Comment: 5 pages, LaTeX/aipproc, presented at DIS '97, Chicago, IL, April
14-18, 199
All-Orders Singular Emission in Gauge Theories
I present a class of functions unifying all singular limits for the emission
of soft or collinear gluons in gauge-theory amplitudes at any order in
perturbation theory. Each function is a generalization of the antenna functions
of ref. [1]. The helicity-summed interferences these functions are thereby also
generalizations to higher orders of the Catani--Seymour dipole factorization
function.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
Maori economic development - Glimpses from statistical sources
This draft book chapter provide an overview of Maori economic development during the past 150 years, drawing on readily available statistical and historical sources. The path of Maori economic development that we have traced through statistical evidence is one of ongoing change and adaptation, as well as one of substantial increase in material standards of living, albeit with periods of significant setback.Maori economic development
Precision frequency measurements with interferometric weak values
We demonstrate an experiment which utilizes a Sagnac interferometer to
measure a change in optical frequency of 129 kHz per root Hz with only 2 mW of
continuous wave, single mode input power. We describe the measurement of a weak
value and show how even higher frequency sensitivities may be obtained over a
bandwidth of several nanometers. This technique has many possible applications,
such as precision relative frequency measurements and laser locking without the
use of atomic lines.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, published in PR
Ultrasensitive Beam Deflection Measurement via Interferometric Weak Value Amplification
We report on the use of an interferometric weak value technique to amplify
very small transverse deflections of an optical beam. By entangling the beam's
transverse degrees of freedom with the which-path states of a Sagnac
interferometer, it is possible to realize an optical amplifier for polarization
independent deflections. The theory for the interferometric weak value
amplification method is presented along with the experimental results, which
are in good agreement. Of particular interest, we measured the angular
deflection of a mirror down to 560 femtoradians and the linear travel of a
piezo actuator down to 20 femtometers
Optimizing the Signal to Noise Ratio of a Beam Deflection Measurement with Interferometric Weak Values
The amplification obtained using weak values is quantified through a detailed
investigation of the signal to noise ratio for an optical beam deflection
measurement. We show that for a given deflection, input power and beam radius,
the use of interferometric weak values allows one to obtain the optimum signal
to noise ratio using a coherent beam. This method has the advantage of reduced
technical noise and allows for the use of detectors with a low saturation
intensity. We report on an experiment which improves the signal to noise ratio
for a beam deflection measurement by a factor of 54 when compared to a
measurement using the same beam size and a quantum limited detector
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