Transitions from AFDC to SSI Prior to Welfare Reform – Policy Brief

The Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) programs serve overlapping target groups. SSI serves adults and children with disabilities from low-income families, while TANF serves low-income families with children. Consequently, policy changes in one program can affect the other. The target group for Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), TANF’s predecessor, also overlapped with SSI’s target group. Many have anticipated that the replacement of AFDC with TANF in August 1996 would eventually increase SSI participation as TANF recipients with disabilities sought SSI benefits to avoid TANF work requirements and time limits

Summary Review of Data Sources for School to Work Transitions by Youth with Disabilities - Policy Brief

This brief summarizes our findings from a review of potential data sources to examine school-to-work transitions by youth with disabilities (Wittenburg and Stapleton, 2000). Our objective was to identify data sources for future school-to-work analyses that contain longitudinal information on youth with disabilities. We conclude that the following data sources are most promising based on our selection criteria: Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP); National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health); Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA) 911 Database and RSA’s Longitudinal Study of Vocational Rehabilitation (VR); state administrative data (multiple states); National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88); National Longitudinal Transition Study of Special Education Students (NLTS); National Longitudinal Transition Study of Special Education Students-2 (NLTS-2); and National Longitudinal Survey of Youth: 1997 (NLSY:97)

Adapting precision farming principles to organic crop production

Precision farming is a discipline that aims to increase efficiency in the management of agriculture throughout new technologies. Organic crop production systems in the future need to combine satisfactory productivity with long term sustainability. The aim of this paper is to present potentials and limits using precision farming priciples in organic crop productio

Impacts of Expanding Health Care Coverage on the Employment and Earnings of Participants in the SSI Work Incentive Program - Policy Brief

While people with disabilities often say that a loss of public health insurance is a deterrent to work, it is rare to find situations in which they might actually exhibit such a behavioral response to a change in access. Expansions in the income threshold for SSI work incentives program (Sections 1619(a) and (b)) provide an opportunity to observe such a response. Section 1619(b) allows SSI recipients to maintain Medicaid eligibility even if their income is above the level that makes them ineligible for SSI payments. If earnings increase beyond the 1619(b) threshold, however, the person loses their SSI and Medicaid eligibility. Section 1619(b) income thresholds vary significantly across states and over time. Stapleton and Tucker (2000) use the variation in Section 1619(b) income thresholds to examine the employment, earnings and program participation patterns of SSI recipients who have incomes near the threshold level for their state. They find strong evidence that many SSI recipients restrain their earnings to stay below the 1619(b) threshold. It is important to note, however, that the findings only provide evidence on the behavior of a small portion of the population with disabilities (i.e., SSI recipients who work). Nonetheless, this evidence seems to provide strong empirical support for the hypothesis that lack of access to health insurance is an important work disincentive for people with disabilities. They also find that 1619(b) participation varies significantly from month to month. Consequently, cross-sectional estimates on the share of SSI recipients participating in 1619(b) significantly understate the share of SSI recipients who ever participate. These findings are consistent with previous findings that cross-sectional estimates of employment tend to understate multi-period employment patterns for the broader population with disabilities

Review of Data Sources for School to Work Transitions by Youth with Disabilities

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Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and Painlev\'e IV Equation

As it has been proven, the determination of general one-dimensional Schr\"odinger Hamiltonians having third-order differential ladder operators requires to solve the Painlev\'e IV equation. In this work, it will be shown that some specific subsets of the higher-order supersymmetric partners of the harmonic oscillator possess third-order differential ladder operators. This allows us to introduce a simple technique for generating solutions of the Painlev\'e IV equation. Finally, we classify these solutions into three relevant hierarchies.Comment: Proceedings of the Workshop 'Supersymmetric Quantum Mechanics and Spectral Design' (July 18-30, 2010, Benasque, Spain

Complex solutions to Painleve IV equation through supersymmetric quantum mechanics

In this work, supersymmetric quantum mechanics will be used to obtain complex solutions to Painleve IV equation with real parameters. We will also focus on the properties of the associated Hamiltonians, i.e. the algebraic structure, the eigenfunctions and the energy spectra.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. Talk given at the Advanced Summer School 2011, Cinvestav (Mexico City), July 201

Principal agent problems under loss aversion: an application to executive stock options

Executive stock options reward success but do not penalise failure. In contrast, the standard principalagent model implies that pay is normally monotonically increasing in performance. This paper shows that, under loss aversion, the use of carrots but not sticks is a feature of an optimal compensation contract. Low risk aversion and high loss aversion is particularly propitious to the use of options. Moreover, loss aversion on the part of executives explains the award of at the money options rather than discounted stock or bonus related pay. Other features of stock option grants are also explained, such as resetting or reloading with an exercise price equal to the current stock price