Muscarinic receptors participation in angiogenic response induced by macrophages from mammary adenocarcinoma-bearing mice

INTRODUCTION: The role of macrophages in tumor progression has generated contradictory evidence. We had previously demonstrated the ability of peritoneal macrophages from LMM3 murine mammary adenocarcinoma-bearing mice (TMps) to increase the angiogenicity of LMM3 tumor cells, mainly through polyamine synthesis. Here we investigate the ability of the parasympathetic nervous system to modulate angiogenesis induced by TMps through the activation of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR). METHODS: Peritoneal macrophages from female BALB/c mice bearing a 7-day LMM3 tumor were inoculated intradermally (3 × 10(5 )cells per site) into syngeneic mice. Before inoculation, TMps were stimulated with the muscarinic agonist carbachol in the absence or presence of different muscarinic antagonists or enzyme inhibitors. Angiogenesis was evaluated by counting vessels per square millimeter of skin. The expression of mAchR, arginase and cyclo-oxygenase (COX) isoforms was analyzed by Western blotting. Arginase and COX activities were evaluated by urea and prostaglandin E(2 )(PGE(2)) production, respectively. RESULTS: TMps, which stimulate neovascularization, express functional mAchR, because carbachol-treated TMps potently increased new blood vessels formation. This response was completely blocked by preincubating TMps with pirenzepine and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP), M(1 )and M(3 )receptor antagonists, and partly by the M(2 )receptor antagonist methoctramine. M(1 )receptor activation by carbachol in TMps triggers neovascularization through arginase products because N(ω)-hydroxy-L-arginine reversed the agonist action. Preincubation of TMps with methoctramine partly prevented carbachol-stimulated urea formation. In addition, COX-derived liberation of PGE(2 )is responsible for the promotion of TMps angiogenic activity by M(3 )receptor. We also detected a higher expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in TMps than in macrophages from normal mice. Carbachol significantly increased VEGF expression in TMps, and this effect was totally reversed by methoctramine and pirenzepine. Arginase and COX inhibitors partly decreased VEGF derived from TMps. CONCLUSION: TMps themselves induce a potent angiogenic response that is augmented by carbachol action. mAchR activation triggers arginine metabolism, PGE(2 )synthesis and VEGF production, promoting neovascularization

Endothelial Dysfunction In Cardiovascular And Endocrine-metabolic Diseases: An Update.

The endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis by the release of relaxing and contracting factors. Any change in this balance may result in a process known as endothelial dysfunction that leads to impaired control of vascular tone and contributes to the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased production of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2 and superoxide anion in conductance and resistance arteries are commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive, diabetic and obese animals, resulting in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and in increased vasoconstrictor responses. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the role of enhanced overactivation of β-adrenergic receptors inducing vascular cytokine production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling that seem to be the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, heart failure and in endocrine-metabolic disorders. However, some adaptive mechanisms can occur in the initial stages of hypertension, such as increased NO production by eNOS. The present review focuses on the role of NO bioavailability, eNOS uncoupling, cyclooxygenase-derived products and pro-inflammatory factors on the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These are cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases of high incidence and mortality around the world, especially in developing countries and endothelial dysfunction contributes to triggering, maintenance and worsening of these pathological situations.44920-3

Endothelial dysfunction in cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases: an update

The endothelium plays a vital role in maintaining circulatory homeostasis by the release of relaxing and contracting factors. Any change in this balance may result in a process known as endothelial dysfunction that leads to impaired control of vascular tone and contributes to the pathogenesis of some cardiovascular and endocrine/metabolic diseases. Reduced endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased production of thromboxane A2, prostaglandin H2 and superoxide anion in conductance and resistance arteries are commonly associated with endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive, diabetic and obese animals, resulting in reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and in increased vasoconstrictor responses. In addition, recent studies have demonstrated the role of enhanced overactivation of β-adrenergic receptors inducing vascular cytokine production and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling that seem to be the mechanisms underlying endothelial dysfunction in hypertension, heart failure and in endocrine-metabolic disorders. However, some adaptive mechanisms can occur in the initial stages of hypertension, such as increased NO production by eNOS. The present review focuses on the role of NO bioavailability, eNOS uncoupling, cyclooxygenase-derived products and pro-inflammatory factors on the endothelial dysfunction that occurs in hypertension, sympathetic hyperactivity, diabetes mellitus, and obesity. These are cardiovascular and endocrine-metabolic diseases of high incidence and mortality around the world, especially in developing countries and endothelial dysfunction contributes to triggering, maintenance and worsening of these pathological situations449920932CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçã

Epidemiology of dermatophytoses in 31 municipalities of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina: A 6-year study

Background No reliable data are available in the province of Buenos Aires regarding the frequency of dermatophytoses and other fungal diseases. The distribution of the clinical forms and the species involved are also unknown. Aims To present the data collected by the laboratories participating in the Mycology Network of the province of Buenos Aires (MNPBA) from a retrospective epidemiological survey on dermatophytoses. Methods A descriptive and exploratory analysis was performed on the cases of dermatophytoses gathered between 2002 and 2007 by the Mycology Network of the province of Buenos Aires. Results Of the 3966 dermatophytosis cases reported by 41 laboratories in 31 municipalities, more than a half occurred in three highly populated urban municipalities. The male:female ratio was 1:1.5. The most frequent clinical form was tinea unguium, diagnosed in 904 cases (51.83%), followed by tinea capitis (19.32%), tinea corporis (15.19%), tinea pedis (6.77%), tinea cruris (3.73%), and tinea manuum (2.18%). The species involved was identified in 1368 (33.49%) cases. Trichophyton rubrum was the most common species, with a frequency of 42.03%. An association was found between urban municipalities and T. rubrum or the Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex. Conclusions Results from the MNPBA survey provide valuable information that should enable further interventions to be designed in order to prevent and control the disease.UIQA -Unidade de Investigação Química Ambientalinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Cortinas forestales de álamos en los valles de Patagonia Norte

Según la FAO (2014) los principales complejos productivos que dinamizan la economía de las provincias de Río Negro y Neuquén son los vinculados a la fruticultura, el turismo, la explotación de hidrocarburos, la minería, la pesca y la ganadería; la especialización de estas actividades es muy marcada por región. A pesar de la crítica situación del sector en los últimos años, la producción de frutas de pepita y sus eslabonamientos siguen siendo, como conjunto, la actividad más importante dentro de la estructura productiva en la provincia de Río Negro. El viento, es una adversidad climática importante en esta zona, principalmente en primavera, si se pretende realizar alguna actividad productiva. En el período comprendido entre los meses de septiembre a diciembre se registra la mayor frecuencia de vientos con velocidades promedio mayores a 20 km/h, y ráfagas que alcanzan los 80 km/h (Rodríguez et al. 2014). Los efectos negativos que genera sobre los cultivos pueden ocurrir directamente en forma mecánica e, indirectamente, por el aumento de la tasa de evapotranspiración. En el caso de los frutales, el efecto más visible se produce sobre el fruto y el daño se conoce como rameado. El rameado es una lesión superficial causada por rozamiento del fruto contra otras estructuras de la planta (Rodriguez et al. 2014). Nolting (1992) menciona que el uso de barreras rompeviento permite atenuar el efecto perjudicial del viento sobre los cultivos y la calidad de los frutos. Sin embargo, las cortinas forestales no solo protegen y permiten el aumento de la producción de la mayoría de los cultivos, sino que, a través de ellas, se ha generado un complejo foresto industrial muy importante para la región. El consumo anual de madera por parte de esta industria en el Valle del Río Negro, durante el período 1990-2001, fue de alrededor de 220.000 a 230.000 t/año, valor que aumentó, entre 2001 y 2003, hasta aproximadamente 300.000 t/año (Serventi y García 2004). Esta producción se destina en un 42 % a envases y embalajes, el 26,5 % a construcción, el 12,5 % a tableros multilaminados, el 12,5 % a aglomerados y el 6,5 % a celulosa (García 2002). El insumo para esta industria de la madera es, en gran parte, abastecida por el aprovechamiento forestal de las cortinas de álamo.EEA Santa CruzFil: Davel, Miguel. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónica (CIEFAP); Argentina.Fil: Arquero, Darío E. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónica (CIEFAP); Argentina.Fil: Arquero, Darío E. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santa Cruz; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral; Argentina.Fil: Peri, Pablo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina.Fil: Serventi, Mauro. Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Argentina.Fil: Diaz, Gastón M. Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónica (CIEFAP); Argentina.Fil: Diaz, Gastón M. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina

Actividad in vitro de anidulafungina frente a aislamientos clínicos de Candida spp.

El tratamiento de la candidiasis sistémica y del torrente sanguíneo es con anfotericina B o fluconazol. El continuo uso de estos antifúngicos posibilitó la selección de nuevas especies menos susceptibles, principalmente a los azoles. La anidulafungina, una nueva equinocandina, tiene potente actividad in vitro frente a un amplio rango de levaduras emergentes potencialmente patógenas. El objetivo es evaluar y comparar la actividad y eficacia in vitro de anidulafungina, anfotericina B, fluconazol, itraconazol y voriconazol, frente a Candida spp. aisladas de muestras clínicas.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Actividad in vitro de anidulafungina frente a aislamientos clínicos de Candida spp.

El tratamiento de la candidiasis sistémica y del torrente sanguíneo es con anfotericina B o fluconazol. El continuo uso de estos antifúngicos posibilitó la selección de nuevas especies menos susceptibles, principalmente a los azoles. La anidulafungina, una nueva equinocandina, tiene potente actividad in vitro frente a un amplio rango de levaduras emergentes potencialmente patógenas. El objetivo es evaluar y comparar la actividad y eficacia in vitro de anidulafungina, anfotericina B, fluconazol, itraconazol y voriconazol, frente a Candida spp. aisladas de muestras clínicas.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Actividad in vitro de anidulafungina frente a aislamientos clínicos de Candida spp.

El tratamiento de la candidiasis sistémica y del torrente sanguíneo es con anfotericina B o fluconazol. El continuo uso de estos antifúngicos posibilitó la selección de nuevas especies menos susceptibles, principalmente a los azoles. La anidulafungina, una nueva equinocandina, tiene potente actividad in vitro frente a un amplio rango de levaduras emergentes potencialmente patógenas. El objetivo es evaluar y comparar la actividad y eficacia in vitro de anidulafungina, anfotericina B, fluconazol, itraconazol y voriconazol, frente a Candida spp. aisladas de muestras clínicas.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

The antiapoptotic effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor reduces infarct size and prevents heart failure development in rats

Background/Aim. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) reduces myocardial injury and improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction (MI). We investigated the early alterations provided by G-CSF and the chronic repercussions in infarcted rats. Methods. Male Wistar rats (200-250g) received vehicle (MI) or G-CSF (MI-GCSF) (50 mu g/kg, sc) at 7, 3 and 1 days before MI surgery. Afterwards MI was produced and infarct size was measured 1 and 15 days after surgery. Expression of anti-and proapoptotic proteins was evaluated immediately before surgery. 24 hours after surgery, apoptotic nuclei were evaluated. Two weeks after MI, left ventricular (LV) function was evaluated, followed by in situ LV diastolic pressure-volume evaluation. Results. Infarct size was decreased by 1 day pretreatment before occlusion (36 +/- 2.8 vs. 44 +/- 2.1% in MI; P<0.05) and remained reduced at 15 days after infarction (28 +/- 2.2 vs. 36 +/- 1.4% in MI; P<0.05). G-CSF pretreatment increased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL protein expression, but did not alter Bax in LV. Apoptotic nuclei were reduced by treatment (Sham: 0.46 +/- 0.42, MI: 15.5 +/- 2.43, MI-GCSF: 5.34 +/- 3.34%; P<0.05). Fifteen days after MI, cardiac function remained preserved in G-CSF pretreated rats. The LV dilation was reduced in MI-G-CSF group as compared to MI rats, being closely associated with infarct size. Conclusion. The early beneficial effects of G-CSF were essentials to preserve cardiac function at a chronic stage of myocardial infarction2813340CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informaçã