The methodology of studying changes in the Gobi region`s lake area

This study based on remote sensing methods of changes in the multi-year and seasonal changes in areas of the Buuntsagaan, Orog, Olgoy Lakes in the depression of lakes. Using Landsat 5 and 8 satellite 2000-2017, We used 14 pictures of water and vegetation index those were taken from the lake. Over the past decades, the Gobi region’s lakes have been decreased significantly. There are number of factors affecting changes in areas of the lakes. Finally, we concluded that the water level in the Baidrag and Tuin rivers are decreasing in Buuntsagaan and Orog Lakes

To study origin and morphologic assessment of Bayan lake, western Mongolia

Information about the origin of some lakes is out in previous studies on the genetics and morphology of lakes in Mongolia. One example of these is the genetics of Bayan nuur. If we look at the morphology of the lake basin using a morpho-structure method based on previous studies, it is seen that it matches with the orthogonal fault of the Bayan lake basin. Bayan lake originated by tectonic fault is a freshwater lake supplied with the deep water. In other words, thaw depression at the southwest coast of Bayan lake basin is related to the tectonic fault from northwest to the southeast (non-barrier). It leads to a condition that water resource of the lake is supplied with the deep water which is contained in sediment for the Quaternary Glacial Period. Cross section between main fault and crustal fault at the east coast of Bayan lake basin from northeast to the southwest presents the orthogonal compound fault. If we look at overlaying depth of the lake with its area, volume, and isobath, it is seen that the origin of the lake is related to transfer of sands at the south side of the lake without a sand barrier. Thus it confirms that Bayan lake originated in depression along tectonic fault

Peripheral B cells from patients with hepatitis C virus-associated lymphoma exhibit clonal expansion and an anergic-like transcriptional profile

Summary: Chronic HCV infection remains a global health concern due to its involvement in hepatic and extrahepatic diseases, including B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (BNHL). Clinical and epidemiological evidence support a causal role for HCV in BNHL development, although mechanistic insight is lacking. We performed RNA-sequencing on peripheral B cells from patients with HCV alone, BNHL alone, and HCV-associated BNHL to identify unique and shared transcriptional profiles associated with transformation. In patients with HCV-associated BNHL, we observed the enrichment of an anergic-like gene signature and evidence of clonal expansion that was correlated with the expression of epigenetic regulatory genes. Our data support a role for viral-mediated clonal expansion of anergic-like B cells in HCV-associated BNHL development and suggest epigenetic dysregulation as a potential mechanism driving expansion. We propose epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in both HCV-associated lymphoma and regulation of B cell anergy, representing an attractive target for clinical interventions

Strategies to manage hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection disease burden - volume 2

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) epidemic was forecasted through 2030 for 15 countries, and the relative impact of two scenarios was considered: (i) increased treatment efficacy while holding the treated population constant and (ii) increased treatment efficacy and increased annual treated population. Increasing levels of diagnosis and treatment, in combination with improved treatment efficacy, were critical for achieving substantial reductions in disease burden. In most countries, the annual treated population had to increase several fold to achieve the largest reductions in HCV-related morbidity and mortality. This suggests that increased capacity for screening and treatment will be critical in many countries. Birth cohort screening is a helpful tool for maximizing resources. In most of the studied countries, the majority of patients were born between 1945 and 1985

The present and future disease burden of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections with today's treatment paradigm - volume 2

Morbidity and mortality attributable to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are increasing in many countries as the infected population ages. Models were developed for 15 countries to quantify and characterize the viremic population, as well as estimate the number of new infections and HCV related deaths from 2013 to 2030. Expert consensus was used to determine current treatment levels and outcomes in each country. In most countries, viremic prevalence has already peaked. In every country studied, prevalence begins to decline before 2030, when current treatment levels were held constant. In contrast, cases of advanced liver disease and liver related deaths will continue to increase through 2030 in most countries. The current treatment paradigm is inadequate if large reductions in HCV related morbidity and mortality are to be achieved