Transmission properties of acousto optic material

Laser beam can be modulated by acousto optic modulator using a suitable acousto optic material. UV-VIS Spectrophotometer was utilized to investigate the transmission spectrum of two non linear acousto optic materials that are lithium niobate and fused quartz. From the spectrum it shows that transmittance for fused quartz and lithium niobate were 90% and 68% respectively. The absorption coefficient ? is calculated and plotted versus photon energy. It was found that ? increases linearly with photon energy in the range of 3.50 eV to 4.0 eV for fused quartz and 3.15 eV to 4.0 eV for lithium niobate. The estimated optical energy band gap was 2.97 eV for lithium niobate and 3.69 for fused quartz. From the transmission properties obtained in this study, it can be summarized that fused quartz is a better choice to be an acousto optic material

Laser beam modulation by an acousto optic mode locker

Nazariahmatdaud2006the characterization of beam modulation by acousto-optic mode locker is reported. Hene laser was employed as a source. Acousto-optic mode locker (aoml) was used to convert the continuous beam to become pulsed. Radio frequency signal provided an acoustic source to the aoml. The signal was amplified using a power amplifier. A pulse generator was utilized to regulate the frequency of the signal. The frequency and the power of the amplifier were varied to characterize the modulated beam. The hene laser beam was modulated into a periodic signal. The pulse width of the modulated signal was found to increase linearly with the rf pulse width. The modulated signal intensity was also found to vary linearly with rf drive power_laserbeammodulationbya

Metaingatan Dan Hubungannya Dengan Prestasi Ingatan

Following a brief review of literature, this paper reveals a theoretical basis to conceptualize metamemory In this conceptualization metamemory is seen as a person's knowledge of memory processes implicated in storage, comprehension and retrieval of information to abstract meanings from item to be remembere

Patient Characteristics Related to Phlebitis in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Hospital

The insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is common for treatment among hospitalized patients. However, this procedure usually fails before the end of therapy because of several complications, including phlebitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of phlebitis among patients with PIVC. A prospective cohort study was conducted in one of the hospitals located in East Coast Malaysia. The presence of phlebitis was assessed using the visual infusion phlebitis score checklist. The patients were followed until PIVC removal. A total of 321 data were collected among patients who received a new PIVC in the medical, gynecology, and orthopedic wards. The incidence of phlebitis was 36.1% (n= 116), and 96.6% of which were grade II. Patients aged 60 years (51.5%), men (42.2%), no known phlebitis history (47.4%), and with chronic disease record (46.8%) were determined as the highest percentage with phlebitis. This study demonstrated that age, gender, and chronic diseases were risk factors of developing phlebitis.Abstrak Karakteristik Pasien yang Berhubungan dengan Flebitis di Rumah Sakit Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malayía. Di antara pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit, penyisipan kateter intravena perifer (PIVC) umum untuk pengobatan. Namun, prosedur ini seringkali gagal sebelum terapi selesai karena beberapa komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasi yang terjadi adalah flebitis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kejadian dan faktor-faktor terkait flebitis di antara pasien dengan PIVC. Sebuah studi kohort prospektif dilakukan di salah satu rumah sakit yang berlokasi di Pantai Timur Malaysia. Kejadian flebitis dinilai menggunakan daftar periksa skor Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP). Para pasien ditindaklanjuti sampai pengangkatan PIVC. Terdapat 321 data yang dikumpulkan di antara pasien yang menerima PIVC baru di bangsal medis, ginekologi, dan ortopedi. Insiden flebitis ditemukan 36,1% (n= 116), 96,6% di antaranya adalah grade II. Pasien berusia 60 tahun (51,5%), pria (42,2%), pasien tidak memiliki riwayat flebitis (47,4%) dan pasien dengan catatan penyakit kronis (46,8%) tercatat sebagai persentase tertinggi dengan flebitis. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, dan pasien dengan penyakit kronis kemungkinan besar mengalami flebitis. Kata Kunci: flebitis, kateter intravena peripheral, pasien dewas

Patient Characteristics Related to Phlebitis in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia Hospital

The insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVCs) is common for treatment among hospitalized patients. However, this procedure usually fails before the end of therapy because of several complications, including phlebitis. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the incidence and associated factors of phlebitis among patients with PIVC. A prospective cohort study was conducted in one of the hospitals located in East Coast Malaysia. The presence of phlebitis was assessed using the visual infusion phlebitis score checklist. The patients were followed until PIVC removal. A total of 321 data were collected among patients who received a new PIVC in the medical, gynecology, and orthopedic wards. The incidence of phlebitis was 36.1% (n= 116), and 96.6% of which were grade II. Patients aged 60 years (51.5%), men (42.2%), no known phlebitis history (47.4%), and with chronic disease record (46.8%) were determined as the highest percentage with phlebitis. This study demonstrated that age, gender, and chronic diseases were risk factors of developing phlebitis. Abstrak Karakteristik Pasien yang Berhubungan dengan Flebitis di Rumah Sakit Pantai Timur Semenanjung Malayía. Di antara pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit, penyisipan kateter intravena perifer (PIVC) umum untuk pengobatan. Namun, prosedur ini seringkali gagal sebelum terapi selesai karena beberapa komplikasi. Salah satu komplikasi yang terjadi adalah flebitis. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kejadian dan faktor-faktor terkait flebitis di antara pasien dengan PIVC. Sebuah studi kohort prospektif dilakukan di salah satu rumah sakit yang berlokasi di Pantai Timur Malaysia. Kejadian flebitis dinilai menggunakan daftar periksa skor Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP). Para pasien ditindaklanjuti sampai pengangkatan PIVC. Terdapat 321 data yang dikumpulkan di antara pasien yang menerima PIVC baru di bangsal medis, ginekologi, dan ortopedi. Insiden flebitis ditemukan 36,1% (n= 116), 96,6% di antaranya adalah grade II. Pasien berusia 60 tahun (51,5%), pria (42,2%), pasien tidak memiliki riwayat flebitis (47,4%) dan pasien dengan catatan penyakit kronis (46,8%) tercatat sebagai persentase tertinggi dengan flebitis. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa usia, jenis kelamin, dan pasien dengan penyakit kronis kemungkinan besar mengalami flebitis. Kata Kunci: flebitis, kateter intravena peripheral, pasien dewas

Leadership competencies and development for community leaders in Malaysia

What are the leadership competencies for community leaders in Malaysia? It attempts to identify the detailed competencies of community leaders who serve in the Neighborhood Association in Malaysia. In-depth interviews of eight participants were utilized for data collection. The interview was conducted using an interview guide for two to three hours until no more new data emerged. The data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed to identify themes and sub-themes related to competencies of community leaders in Malaysia. The research identified 10 domains of attitudes, skills, knowledge and competencies for community leaders. These were managing effective teams and work groups, building and maintaining relationship, leading diversity and difference, developing others, communicating effectively, bringing about change, solving problems, setting vision and mission, managing social and volunteer work and developing good values and leadership practices

Aqueous Phase Reforming of Sorbitol for Value Added Chemicals Production

Biomass has been considered as the only sustainable source of energy and organic carbon for our industrial society. Biomass is a highly useful and renewable resource countless potential for utilization as a basis for hydrogen production. The behaviour of polyol (sorbitol) from hemicelluloses was investigated in aqueous phase reforming over supported Ni/Alumina catalysts. The effects of metal loading on the Ni/Alumina support on the catalytic performance were also studied. The objectives of this project which are to synthesize and characterize Ni/Alumina catalyst promoted by Ca for aqueous phase reforming (APR) of sorbitol and to conduct APR of sorbitol in order to identify the value added chemical that produced are investigated. The catalysts were synthesized by using several techniques such as Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and H2- Temperature Programmed Reduction (H2-TPR) to distinguish its characteristics. The TGA results shows that the optimum calcination temperature for all the catalysts is at 500oC. Prior the catalytic activity test, all the catalysts were reduced in hydrogen flow by using the Tubular Furnace Reactor (TFR)

THE STUDY OF SAFETY DISTANCE BETWEEN TOWER AND SATELLITE DISH FOR LIGHTNING PROTECTION SCHEME USING ROLLING SPHERE METHOD

The development of a computer program for the evaluation of lightning safety distance between the tower and satellite dish is written in M-File MATLAB simulation software. The 3-Dimensional illustrative graphics model is used in order to have better understanding on how lightning protection system (LPS) works. The study of physical length of grounding electrode use on the tower is found to be significantly affecting the grounding system performances. The performances of grounding system are depending on magnitude of lightning strikes current being dispersed and the settling time for lightning strikes current is completely dispersed. The grounding system performances is studied by using lightning current impulse (LCI) generator, simulated in OrCad PSpice simulation software. It is found that the optimum length of vertical lightning rod in LPS should be the same with the striking distance. There is no significant improvement is found in lightning safety distance if the length of vertical lightning rod is higher than striking distance. The lightning strikes peak current that have larger magnitude than the withstand insulation level of specified object should cause no physical damage. It is because the lightning safety distance will also increase whenever the lightning strikes peak current become bigger. It is also found that the lower grounding impedance will produce higher magnitude of dispersed peak current and faster settling time

The Influence Of Sex, Personality Types And Trait-Anxiety On Learning Styles Among University Students In Jordan

Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk menyelami pengaruh jantina, jenis personaliti dan kebimbangan-trait terhadap gaya belajar dari perspektif pendekatan pembelajaran dalam kalangan pelajar universiti. Penyelidikan ini telah dijalankan di Jordan

Electrical Transport and Related Dielectric Phenomena in Coconut-Shell Activated Carbon

The electrical properties of coconut-shell activated carbon have not been thoroughly investigated and are, therefore, not well understood. In order to study these properties meaningfully, a fairly satisfactory knowledge of the structure, microstructure and composition of the material is needed. Since the material's constitution has been little studied and dealt with in the relevant published literature, investigation of the structure and composition of the material has to be done in a comprehensive manner.The experimental investigation is divided into two categories. Firstly, the basic experimental work, which is considered important in order to provide supportive evidence to any proposed model of charge-carrier conduction and dielectric behaviour, consists of work on x-ray diffractome try, neutron activation analysis, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermoelectric power and magnetoresistance. Secondly,the main experiments consist of work on direct current conductivity and alternating current conductivity measurement