Corrosion at Sulphide Inclusions in Stainless Steel

Auger analysis was performed using a high resolution scanning auger electron microscope and auger electron spectroscopy. Elemental auger contour maps for corroded sulphide inclusions in stainless steel were presented. It was found that the copper enriched-manganese sulphide inclusions were uniformly corroded, which might be due to CU2S deposition on the surface of corroding inclusions. In contrast, manganese sulphide inclusions containing less copper were non-uniformly attacked, resulting in the formation of deep microcrevices at their edges

TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PORNOGRAFI MELALUI MEDIA CETAK YANG DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 44 TAHUN 2008

Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untukmengetahui bagaimana pengaturan hukum terhadap tindak pidana pornografi melalui media cetak dilihat dari ketentuan Undang-undang No. 44 Tahun 2008  dan bagaimana penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana pornografi dalam media cetak (majalah dewasa). Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Pengaturan Hukum terhadap tindak pidana pornografi melalui media cetak telah diatur dalam beberapa Undang-undang yaitu Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP), Undang-undnag Nomor 43  Tahun 1999 Tentang pers, Namun Undang-undang tersebut belum memadai dan belum memenuhi kebutuhan hukum dan perkembangan masyrakat sehingga perlu dibuat Undang-undang secara khusus mengatur pornografi, terlebih khusus tindak pidana pornografi melalui media cetak, yaitu Undang-undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pornografi. 2. Penegakan Hukum merupakan kegiatan yang bertindak menserasikan nilai-nilai yang tersebar dalam norma-norma agar menciptakan ketentraman, memelihara dan mempertahankan kedaamaian dalam pergaulan hidup manusia. Didalam penegakan hukum terdapat, Kepolisian, kejaksaan, dan Kehakiman. Tetapi secara Da sein sudah 9 tahun semenjak keluarnya Undang-undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2008 Tentang Pornografi, Majalah dewasa masih bisa berdar di Indonesia dan mudah untuk didapatkan dengan keadaan sekarang dan bukti yang ada dapat dsimpulka penegak hukum belum berfungsi sebgaimana tugas dan tanggung jawab .Kata kunci: Tindak pidana, pornografi, media cetak

Kajian Ekonomi Wilayah Dan Kelembagaan USAha Peternakan Ayam Ras Petelur Di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya (the Spatial and Institutional Economic Analysis of Layer Broiler Farming in the District of Tasikmalaya)

The theme of this study is the spatial economic of layer-broiler production in Tasikmalaya district. The study was accomplished in eight months, from April to November 2008. Its purpose is twofold; first, to identify the spatial economic of layer-broiler production; and second, to describe the properties of its institutional performance. The data was collected through surveys, and subsequently analyzed by means of localization indices, specialization indices, LQ and the structure – conduct – performance (SCP) approach. The analysis revealed that layerbroiler farming on the area yet have not enough contributed to the regional economic of Tasikmalaya. In addition, the aspect of availability and accessibility to feed resources, and the aspect of marketing have been identified as a critical point for further development of layer-broiler industry in the future. Keyword : spatial economic, localization, specialization, LQ, SCP

Risk Factors for the Development of Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective. This article presents case control study conducted at the Rheumatology Outpatient Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital. The aim of this study was to determine several risk factors for the development of knee osteoarthritis (OA) at Rheumatology out-patient unit Department of InternalMedicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital.Method. This study used a case control design. Subjects were divided into two groups, case group and control group. The case group included all patients who had kneecomplaints that fulfi lled the 1990 American College of Radiology criteria while the control group included patients randomly chosen from visitors of the RheumatologyOutpatient Unit of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital who did not complain of knee pain and had been proven of not suffering OA by physical and radiological examinations. A similar questionnaire was designed for both groups. After filling out the questionnaire, both groups were examined physically and radiologically. The risk factors were analyzed using logistic regression.Results. We included 127 patients in the case group and 102 in the control group. In the case group, there were 95 women (74.80 %) and 32 men (25.20%) while the control group consisted of 69 women (67.65%) and 33 men (32.35%). From the analysis of several risk factors, there were signifi cant differences between the case and control groups such as weight (p < 0.0001 df 3), prior history of overweight or obesity (x2 = 21.255, df 1, p < 0.0001), knee trauma (p = 0.0002), and kneel down activity (p < 0.0001). There was also a signifi cant difference of smoking habit between the case group and the control group (p < 0.0001). Duration of smoking cessation was also signifi cantly different between the case group and controlgroup (t = 2.315, df 45, p = 0.0252). From the multivariate analysis, it was found that age, kneel down activity, prior obesity condition, interval between knee trauma and onset of OA, smoking habit, and duration of smoking cessation had a signifi cant correlation with knee OA.Conclusion. Age, prior history of overweight or obesity, kneeling, and interval between knee trauma and onset of OA were risk factors of knee OA. Smoking was a negative risk factor for knee OA. The protective effect of smoking was infl uenced by the duration of smoking habit and the duration of smoking cessation

Analisis Pengaruh Laporan Hasil Pemeriksaan, Diskresi Akrual dan Tingkatan Akrual terhadap Kinerja Keuangan Pemerintah Daerah

Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah melakukan berbagai reformasi baik dari sisi tata kelola keuangan, sumberdaya manusia dan organisasi. Reformasi tata kelola keuangan dimulai diterbitkannya berbagai macam undang-undang tentang pengelolaan keuangan pemerintah. Undang-udangan tentang sistem perencanaan, pengelolan keuangan, perbendaharaan, sistem pemeriksanaan keuangan dan sistem pengendalian intern pemerintah telah diterbitkan dan dilaksanakan. Pemerintah telah berupaya sedemikian rupa untuk terus menerus melakukan Perubahan secara gradual.Salah satu reformasi yang sangat penting adalah tatakelola keuangan. Unsur tatakelola keuangan yang saat ini menjadi sangat penting dan menjadi perhatian banyak pihak adalah bidang pelaporan atau akuntansi. Pemerintah telah menyusun regulasi dan kebijakan terkait dengan akuntansi. Kebijakan yang diambil pemerintah baik untuk pemerintah pusat maupun daerah adalah basis akuntansi dalam perlakuan akuntansi. Basis akuntansi yang telah diterapkan di Indonesai telah mengalami berbagai macam Perubahan. Perubahan mulai dari kas, kas menuju akrual hingga akrual. Pada penelitian sebelum kami telah meneliti tingkatan akrual dan diskresi akrual.Tingkatan akrual yang terjadi pada pemerintah daerah ternyata berbeda-beda. Hal ini terjadi karena diskresi yang diterapkan beragam. Diskresi akrual memiliki pengaruh pada pencapaian sisa labih atau sisa kurang perhitungan anggaran. Hal ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang kami laksanakan sebelumnya. Untuk itu kami merasa perlu melanjutkan penelitian tersebut dengan menggabungkan antara variabel tingkatan akrual, diskresi akrual serta variabel baru yang laporan hasil audit. Dengan ketiga variabel kami akan menguji hubungan ketiganya terhadap kinerja keuangan pemerintah daerah.Dengan menggunakan panel data kami menguji data laporan keuangan peerintah daerah di lingkungan Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Pemerintahan terdiri dari Provinsi, Kabupaten dan Kota. Hasil penelitian menujukkan pola hubungan yang berbeda antara satu variabel dependen dan variabel independen. Terdapat variabel yang memiliki hubungan yang positif dan ada juga yang memiliki hubungan yang negatif.Dengan adanya hasil ini diharapkan dapat digunakan oleh manajemen Pemerintah Daerah dalam menerapkan sistem akuntansi yang berbasis akrual

Plasma splashing from Al and Cu materials induced by and Nd : YAG pulsed laser

Plasma splashing from Al and Cu target materials and the growth of thin films on Cu and Al, respectively, has been studied using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a 1064-nm, 80-mJ, 8-ns pulse width as the source of ablation. The target kept rotating and the substrate, Cu for Al and vice versa, was placed at an angle of 15° with respect to the beam axis. During the laser-matter interaction, the targets absorbed thermal energy within the thermal region depth of 4.7 (1.1) nm, yielding an ablated skin depth of 6.7 (4.2) nm. The surface morphology of the exposed targets was studied by analyzing SEM micrographs obtained using a ZEISS SUPRA 35 VP. The obtained results are explained on the basis of different sputtering/ablation mechanisms. Comparatively severe damage forming a bigger crater is seen on the Al target surface in contrast to the crater on the Cu surface. This observation is correlated with the blustering effect and/or debris formation. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) of the substrates yielded the deposition of micrometric grain-size particle