Percorsi della tecnica in architettura

Architettura e tecnica sono due entit\ue0 concrete che hanno attraversato il tempo essendone, in quanto fedeli proiezioni della vicenda umana, sensibili testimoni. Architettura e tecnica hanno sempre navigato di conserva: a volte senza darlo a vedere, a volte litigando sulla direzione da prendere, a volte discutendo su chi fosse destinato a tenere la barra. Una perversa tendenza degli uomini a innalzare muri e a costruire gabbie ha fatto leva su eterogeneit\ue0 metodologica e oggettiva divergenza dei rispettivi criteri di validazione per separare ontologicamente le due entit\ue0; l\u2019attribuzione all\u2019architetto di una presunta deriva estetica eroicamente bilanciata, o genialmente resa possibile, dalla militante razionalit\ue0 dell\u2019ingegnere \ue8 la precisa rappresentazione dell\u2019incapacit\ue0 a distinguere fra strumenti e scopi, mezzi e fini.Architecture and technique are two concrete entities that have traversed time, being faithful projections of human events and sensitive witnesses to them. Architecture and technique have always sailed by stealth: sometimes without showing it, sometimes arguing about which direction to take, sometimes discussing who was destined to hold the tiller. A perverse human tendency to erect walls and build cages has leveraged methodological heterogeneity and objective divergence of their respective validation criteria to ontologically separate the two entities; the attribution to the architect of a supposed aesthetic drift heroically balanced, or ingeniously made possible, by the militant rationality of the engineer is a precise representation of the architect's the militant rationality of the engineer is the precise representation of the inability to distinguish between instruments and purposes, means and ends

1914-1938 L’istanza razionale in architettura

Uno dei caratteri principali del periodo in esame è la consapevolezza di una vera e propria crisi dei fondamenti che, aperta fragorosamente dalle esperienze delle Avanguardie artistiche storiche agli inizi del secolo, viene ora a interessare direttamente i modelli tradizionali della cultura europea. I temi che attraversano questi anni sono quello della ricerca di nuovi linguaggi, che coinvolge appieno l’architettura e, a scala enormemente più ampia, quello dell’esistenza nelle condizioni della società tecnologica. La società vuole essere nuova, la collettività si trasforma in ‘massa’, una nuova realtà antropologica in cui tramontano le distinzioni di appartenenza sociale, di classe e di cultura, i nuovi valori non si impongono per l’autorità della tradizione ma in virtù della loro diffusione e gestione organizzata. L’organizzazione del lavoro, la diffusione delle mode e delle opinioni diventano forze dirompenti al servizio di un nuovo modo di vedere le cose.One of the main features of the period under examination is the awareness of a genuine crisis of fundamentals. This event, sparked by the experiences of the artistic avant-gardes at the beginning of the century, now directly affects the traditional models of European culture. The themes running through these years are the search for new languages, which fully involves architecture and, on a broader scale, existence in the conditions of technological society. Society wants to be new. The community is transformed into a 'mass', i.e., a new anthropological reality in which distinctions of social belonging, class and culture disappear. The new values do not impose themselves by the authority of tradition but by their dissemination and organised management. The organisation of work and the spread of fashions and opinions become disruptive forces at the service of a new way of seeing things

PLUS.WP1 Platforms legal framework

This dataset refers to WP1 of PLUS project focusing on the definition of a historical, legal and economic framework of platform economy. In particular, this set concentrate on legal aspects and contains bibliographic sources for a literature review on European and national legislation on platform economy. Moreover, it includes references to national legal codes and to some platforms (Airbnb, Deliveroo, Helpling and Uber) terms and conditions of use. In particular, file PLUS_1_PLUS.WP1 Platforms legal framework_Literature and Sources_20220330_v1_ods contains 3 sheets: a) bibliography on legislation on platforms, b) sources of national legislative, c) weblinks to platforms terms and conditions

Suggestive evidence for association between L-type voltagegated calcium channel (CACNA1C) gene haplotypes and bipolar disorder in Latinos: a family-based association stud

Objectives: Through recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs), several groups have reported significant association between variants in the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L-type, alpha 1C subunit (CACNA1C) and bipolar disorder (BP) in European and European-American cohorts. We performed a family-based association study to determine whether CACNA1C is associated with BP in the Latino population. Methods: This study included 913 individuals from 215 Latino pedigrees recruited from the USA, Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. The Illumina GoldenGate Genotyping Assay was used to genotype 58 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that spanned a 602.9-kb region encompassing the CACNA1C gene including two SNPs (rs7297582 and rs1006737) previously shown to associate with BP. Individual SNP and haplotype association analyses were performed using Family-Based Association Test (version 2.0.3) and Haploview (version 4.2) software. Results: An eight-locus haplotype block that included these two markers showed significant association with BP (global marker permuted p = 0.0018) in the Latino population. For individual SNPs, this sample had insufficient power (10%) to detect associations with SNPs with minor effect (odds ratio = 1.15). Conclusions: Although we were not able to replicate findings of association between individual CACNA1C SNPs rs7297582 and rs1006737 and BP, we were able to replicate the GWAS signal reported for CACNA1C through a haplotype analysis that encompassed these previously reported significant SNPs. These results provide additional evidence that CACNA1C is associated with BP and provides the first evidence that variations in this gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder in the Latino population

Suggestive evidence for association between L-type voltage-gated calcium channel (CACNA1C) gene haplotypes and bipolar disorder in Latinos: a family-based association study

Objectives: Through recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs), several groups have reported significant association between variants in the calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L-type, alpha 1C subunit (CACNA1C) and bipolar disorder (BP) in European and European-American cohorts. We performed a family-based association study to determine whether CACNA1C is associated with BP in the Latino population. Methods: This study included 913 individuals from 215 Latino pedigrees recruited from the USA, Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. The Illumina GoldenGate Genotyping Assay was used to genotype 58 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that spanned a 602.9-kb region encompassing the CACNA1C gene including two SNPs (rs7297582 and rs1006737) previously shown to associate with BP. Individual SNP and haplotype association analyses were performed using Family-Based Association Test (version 2.0.3) and Haploview (version 4.2) software. Results: An eight-locus haplotype block that included these two markers showed significant association with BP (global marker permuted p = 0.0018) in the Latino population. For individual SNPs, this sample had insufficient power (10%) to detect associations with SNPs with minor effect (odds ratio = 1.15). Conclusions: Although we were not able to replicate findings of association between individual CACNA1C SNPs rs7297582 and rs1006737 and BP, we were able to replicate the GWAS signal reported for CACNA1C through a haplotype analysis that encompassed these previously reported significant SNPs. These results provide additional evidence that CACNA1C is associated with BP and provides the first evidence that variations in this gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder in the Latino population

A smart village model for the Italian coastal territory

Small municipalities, if taken individually, have difficulty in implementing energy policy and sustainable projects (economic, environmental and social), because they do not have sufficient financial and human resources. The idea is to regenerate a territorial area following the principles of innovation and sustainable development, that is the applicability of the concept of Smart Villages on an entire \u201csmall\u201d territory with homogenous characteristics (similar morphology, coastal village or bordering the coast, tourism as the main business, ect.) and with several villages with less of 3000 habitants; this is the \u201cGolfo dell\u2019Isola\u201d in Liguria

Evaluación cuantitativa y cualitativa de la satisfacción en la enseñanza de la Patología en estudiantes de medicina en una universidad compleja chilena

The subjects of General Pathology and Anatomical Pathology are taught during the fifth and sixth semester of the Medicine program at the University of Concepción. In these subjects, a flipped classroom teaching style is used, and a practical activity called "Design of Clinical-Pathological Cases" (DCPC) is carried out. This activity is initiated in the surgical pathology room, where students experience in a real way the work of the pathologist in groups of 3 to 4 people. They perform tasks ranging from macroscopic dictation to microscopic diagnosis, culminating in a final presentation of the case to students and teachers. An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 87 students who took both subjects. A quantitative descriptive analysis and a qualitative content analysis method were performed, coding and classifying the responses from 2 instruments. The overall satisfaction with the DCPC activity was 82.4%, being perceived as innovative and useful for the development of practical skills and theoretical learning in pathology, that better prepares students to face real-world challenges as healthcare professionals. The study highlights the importance of considering students' preferences and needs when designing teaching strategies. The qualitative evaluation of the DCPC activity and subjects provided valuable information for continuous improvement, reinforcing the importance of incorporating them into teaching evaluations. It is concluded that the practical DCPC activity helps medical students better understand the macroscopic and microscopic aspects of Pathological Anatomy, surpassing even the flipped classroom approach. The combination of student-centered approaches, real-world work environments, adequate teaching support, and quality study materials can lead to a more effective and satisfying learning experience for students in these disciplines.Las asignaturas de Patología general y Anatomía patológica son impartidas durante el quinto y sexto semestre de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad de Concepción. En estas se utiliza un estilo de enseñanza tipo aula invertida y se realiza una actividad práctica de “Diseño de Casos Clínico-Patológicos” (DCCP), iniciada en sala de patología quirúrgica, donde los estudiantes vivencian en forma real el trabajo del anatomopatólogo en grupos de 3 a 4 personas, realizando desde el dictado macroscópico hasta el diagnóstico microscópico, con una presentación final del caso a estudiantes y docentes. Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico transversal a una muestra de 87 estudiantes que cursaron ambas asignaturas. Se efectuó un análisis descriptivo cuantitativo y un método cualitativo de análisis de contenido, codificándose y clasificándose las respuestas de 2 instrumentos. La satisfacción general de la actividad DCCP fue de 82,4%, siendo percibida como innovadora y útil para el desarrollo de habilidades y aprendizajes teóricos de patología, que prepara a los alumnos de mejor manera para enfrentar los desafíos del mundo real como profesionales de la salud. No se debe olvidar la importancia de considerar las preferencias y necesidades de los estudiantes al diseñar estrategias de enseñanza. La evaluación cualitativa de la actividad DCCP y de las asignaturas entregó valiosa información para un mejoramiento continuo; reafirmando la importancia de incorporar éstas en las evaluaciones de prácticas docentes. Se concluye que la actividad práctica DCCP ayuda de mejor forma a los estudiantes de medicina a entender los aspectos macroscópicos y microscópicos de la Anatomía Patológica; superando incluso al aula invertida. La combinación de enfoques centrados en el alumno, trabajo en entornos reales, un apoyo docente adecuado y material de estudio de calidad puede conducir a una experiencia de aprendizaje más efectiva y satisfactoria para los estudiantes en estas disciplinas

Caracterización de un grupo de pacientes con esquizofrenia en el Valle Central de Costa Rica

artículo (arbitrado). Universidad de Costa Rica, Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular, 2008La esquizofrenia es una enfermedad crónica con importantes repercusiones sociales que afecta al 1% de la población mundial. Se describe las características de la esquizofrenia en una muestra de pacientes del Valle Central de Costa Rica. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal en esquizofrénicos diagnosticados a través del proceso de mejor estimado diagnostico según la cuarta edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSMIV). Resultados: de 260 esquizofrénicos, 186 (71.5%) son varones y 74 (28.5%) mujeres, la edad promedio de entrevista es 38.95 años (Desviación Standard (DS): 11.37), menor en los varones (37.54 años, DS: 10.46) que en las mujeres (42.49 (DS: 12.81, p<0.05), el 44.96% presenta el subtipo indiferenciada, 29.07% paranoide, 15.89% desorganizada y 10.08% para otros subtipos. La edad de inicio es en promedio 21.39 años (DS: 7.21) y la edad del primer tratamiento es 22.26 años (DS: 6.55) sin diferencia significativa entre hombres y mujeres, 159 (85% de varones) nunca se ha casado versus 47 (63% de mujeres)(p0.05). El número de hospitalizaciones es en promedio 5.49 (DS: 5.24), (p>0.05), los sujetos solteros presentan tendencia a un mayor número de ingresos (17.25 internamientos). El 49.6% ha sufrido al menos un síndrome depresivo mayor, 7.5% de los varones presenta abuso y el 22.0% dependencia al alcohol; 7.7% de sujetos presenta abuso y el 7.3% dependencia a sustancias (p>0.05). Discusión: Nuestros pacientes presentaron características clínicas y demográficas similares a lo observado en otras poblaciones. Más de la mitad de los individuos tenían antecedente de síntomas afectivos siendo los depresivos los más frecuentes. Los varones solteros constituyeron el grupo con peor pronóstico, mayor desempleo y mayor tendencia a presentar reingresos hospitalarios. Sin embargo, dicho hallazgo podría ser explicado por la organización económica de los hogares y el rol social del varón en nuestra sociedad. Conclusión: los varones y las mujeres EZ del VCCR muestran una misma edad de inicio de enfermedad, el subtipo predominante en ambos grupos es el indiferenciado con el antecedente de síntomas depresivos. Los varones presentan un mayor índice de desempleo, mayor consumo de sustancias lícitas e ilícitas y mayor número de hospitalizaciones que las mujeres.Schizophrenia is a chronic illness with important social consequences. It is found in 1% of the world population. We describe the characteristics of schizophrenia in a sample of patients from the Central Valley of Costa Rica. Methods: descriptive, transversal study of schizophrenic patients diagnosed with the best estimate diagnosis process based on DSMIV criteria. Results: out of 260 schizophrenic subjects, 186 (71.5%) are males and 74 (28.5%) females, average age at interview is 38.95 years (SD: 11.37), lower in males (37.54 years, SD: 10.46) than females (42.49 (SD: 12.81, p0.05), those who are not married have a trend of more hospitalizations (17.25); 49.6% of the subjects have had at least one major depressive syndrome; 7.5% of males present alcohol abuse and 22.0% alcohol dependence; 7.7% have substance abuse and 7.3% substance dependence (p>0.05). Discussion: our sample showed similar clinical and demographic characteristics to other populations. More than half of the sample had affective symptoms, depressive symptoms were the most frequent. Single males had the worse prognosis, lower employment rate and higher number of hospitalizations. Nonetheless, this finding could be explained by the economical organization of the household and the social role of males in our society. Conclusions: schizophrenic males and females from the Central Valley of Costa Rica showed the same age of onset. In both groups, the most frequent schizophrenia type was undifferentiated with history of depressive symptoms. Males had higher unemployment rate, more substance use and more number of hospitalizations than females.Universidad de Costa RicaUCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Biología Celular y Molecular (CIBCM

Identification of circadian gene variants in bipolar disorder in Latino populations

AbstractBackgroundVariations in circadian genes can impact biological rhythms. Given the rhythm disturbances that characterize bipolar disorder (BD), genes encoding components of molecular clocks are good candidate genes for the illness.MethodsA family based association analysis of circadian gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and BD was conducted in Latino pedigrees. 884 individuals from 207 pedigrees (473BP phenotype and 411 unaffected family members) were genotyped. Family based single marker association testing was performed. Ancestral haplotypes (SNPs found to be in strong LD defined using confidence intervals) were also tested for association with BD.ResultsMultiple suggestive associations between circadian gene SNPs and BD were noted. These included CSNK1E (rs1534891, p=0.00689), ARNTL (rs3789327, p=0.021172), CSNK1D (rs4510078, p=0.022801), CLOCK (rs17777927, p=0.031664). Individually, none of the SNPs were significantly associated with BD after correction for multiple testing. However, a 4-locus CSNK1E haplotype encompassing the rs1534891 SNP (Z-score=2.685, permuted p=0.0076) and a 3-locus haplotype in ARNTL (Z-score=3.269, permuted p=0.0011) showed a significant association with BD.LimitationsLarger samples are required to confirm these findings and assess the relationship between circadian gene SNPs and BD in Latinos.ConclusionsThe results suggest that ARNTL and CSKN1E variants may be associated with BD. Further studies are warranted to assess the relationships between these genes and BD in Latino populations

Biological predictors of suicidality in schizophrenia

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65166/1/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09883.x.pd