Testing the ΔS=ΔQ\Delta S=\Delta Q Rule with Exclusive Semi-Leptonic Kaon Decays

We consider the possibility of violations of the selection rule $\Delta S=\Delta Q$ at an appreciable level in {\it exclusive} semi-leptonic decays of Kaons. At $\Phi$-Factories, intense Kaon beams will be available and will probe among others, the semi-leptonic decays $K_{l4}$ and $K_{l3\gamma}$ in addition to $K_{l3}$ and could provide novel testing grounds for the $\Delta S=\Delta Q$ rule. In particular, the branching ratio of $K_{l3\gamma}$ is non-negligible and could be used to probe new phenomena associated with the violation of this selection rule. Furthermore, we modify certain di-lepton event rate ratios and asymmetries and time asymmetries that have been constructed by Dass and Sarma for di-lepton events from Beon decays to test the $\Delta B=\Delta Q$ at the $\Upsilon (4S)$, to the Kaon system at the $\phi(1020)$. We find that the large width of the $K_S$ relative to that of $K_L$ plays an important role in enhancing some of the time asymmetries.Comment: 10 pages, Plain Latex, To be run twice

The PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and prostate cancer: at the crossroads of AR, MAPK, and WNT signaling

Oncogenic activation of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB/AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is a frequent event in prostate cancer that facilitates tumor formation, disease progression and therapeutic resistance. Recent discoveries indicate that the complex crosstalk between the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and multiple interacting cell signaling cascades can further promote prostate cancer progression and influence the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to PI3K-AKT-mTOR-targeted therapies being explored in the clinic, as well as standard treatment approaches such as androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). However, the full extent of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network during prostate tumorigenesis, invasive progression and disease recurrence remains to be determined. In this review, we outline the emerging diversity of the genetic alterations that lead to activated PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in prostate cancer, and discuss new mechanistic insights into the interplay between the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway and several key interacting oncogenic signaling cascades that can cooperate to facilitate prostate cancer growth and drug-resistance, specifically the androgen receptor (AR), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and WNT signaling cascades. Ultimately, deepening our understanding of the broader PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network is crucial to aid patient stratification for PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway-directed therapies, and to discover new therapeutic approaches for prostate cancer that improve patient outcome

Probing scalar particle and unparticle couplings in e+ e- -> t tbar with transversely polarized beams

In searching for indications of new physics scalar particle and unparticle couplings in e^+ e^- \to t\bar t, we consider the role of transversely polarized initial beams at e^+ e^- colliders. By using a general relativistic spin density matrix formalism for describing the particles spin states, we find analytical expressions for the squared amplitude of the process with t or \bar t polarization measured, including the anomalous coupling contributions. Thanks to the transversely polarized initial beams these contributions are first order anomalous coupling corrections to the Standard Model (SM) contributions. We present and analyse the main features of the SM and anomalous coupling contributions. We show how differences between SM and anomalous coupling contributions provide means to search for anomalous coupling manifestations at future e^+ e^- linear colliders.Comment: 28 pages in LaTeX, including 7 encapsulated PostScript figures, published versio

Asymptotically Free Non-Abelian Gauge Theories With Fermions and Scalars As Alternatives to QCD

In this paper we construct non-Abelian gauge theories with fermions and scalars that nevertheless possess asymptotic freedom.The scalars are taken to be in a chiral multiplet transforming as $(2,2)$ under $SU(2)_L\otimes SU(2)_R$ and transforming as singlets under the colour SU(3) group. We consider two distinct scenarios, one in which the additional scalars are light and another in which they are heavier than half the Z-boson mass. It is shown that asymptotic freedom is obtained without requiring that all additional couplings keep fixed ratios with each other. It is also shown that both scenarios can not be ruled out by what are considered standard tests of QCD like R- parameter, g-2 for muons or deep inelastic phenomena. The light mass scenario is however ruled out by high precision Z-width data (and only by that one data).The heavy mass scenario is still viable and is shown to naturally pass the test of flavour changing neutral currents. It also is not ruled out by precision electroweak oblique parameters. Many distinctive experimental signatures of these models are also discussed.Comment: 37 pages in LATEX with 10 fig

On the Emergence of the Microcanonical Description from a Pure State

We study, in general terms, the process by which a pure state can ``self-thermalize'' and {\em appear} to be described by a microcanonical density matrix. This requires a quantum mechanical version of the Gibbsian coarse graining that conceptually underlies classical statistical mechanics. We introduce some extra degrees of freedom that are necessary for this. Interaction between these degrees and the system can be understood as a process of resonant absorption and emission of ``soft quanta''. This intuitive picture allows one to state a criterion for when self thermalization occurs. This paradigm also provides a method for calculating the thermalization rate using the usual formalism of atomic physics for calculating decay rates. We contrast our prescription for coarse graining, which is somewhat dynamical, with the earlier approaches that are intrinsically kinematical. An important motivation for this study is the black hole information paradox.Comment: 58 pages, 2 figures. A reference adde

CP Violation and Lifetime Differences of Neutral B Mesons from Correlated B^0-B^0bar Pairs

We present a technique to determine the CP violating phases, as well as, the lifetime differences of the mass eigenstates for both $B_d$ and $B_s$, by considering correlated $B\bar{B}$ pairs produced at the $\Upsilon$ resonances. We do not require a detailed time dependent study, but only partial time integrated rates, with the tag time, either preceding or following the decay of the other $B$ meson to a final state f. f may be a CP eigenstate or a non-CP eigenstate.Comment: 11 Pages Revte

The role of science in physical natural hazard assessment : report to the UK Government by the Natural Hazard Working Group

Following the tragic Asian tsunami on 26 December 2004, the Prime Minister asked the Government’s Chief Scientific Adviser, Sir David King, to convene a group of experts (the Natural Hazard Working Group) to advise on the mechanisms that could and should be established for the detection and early warning of global physical natural hazards. 2. The Group was asked to examine physical hazards which have high global or regional impact and for which an appropriate early warning system could be put in place. It was also asked to consider the global natural hazard frameworks currently in place and under development and their effectiveness in using scientific evidence; to consider whether there is an existing appropriate international body to pull together the international science community to advise governments on the systems that need to be put in place, and to advise on research needed to fill current gaps in knowledge. The Group was asked to make recommendations on whether a new body was needed, or whether other arrangements would be more effective

Parity Violating Gravitational Coupling Of Electromagnetic Fields

A manifestly gauge invariant formulation of the coupling of the Maxwell theory with an Einstein Cartan geometry is given, where the space time torsion originates from a massless Kalb-Ramond field augmented by suitable U(1) Chern Simons terms.We focus on the situation where the torsion violates parity, and relate it to earlier proposals for gravitational parity violation.Comment: 7 Pages, Latex . no figures, Replaced with Revtex version, many references added and typos correcte

Dual Computations of Non-abelian Yang-Mills on the Lattice

In the past several decades there have been a number of proposals for computing with dual forms of non-abelian Yang-Mills theories on the lattice. Motivated by the gauge-invariant, geometric picture offered by dual models and successful applications of duality in the U(1) case, we revisit the question of whether it is practical to perform numerical computation using non-abelian dual models. Specifically, we consider three-dimensional SU(2) pure Yang-Mills as an accessible yet non-trivial case in which the gauge group is non-abelian. Using methods developed recently in the context of spin foam quantum gravity, we derive an algorithm for efficiently computing the dual amplitude and describe Metropolis moves for sampling the dual ensemble. We relate our algorithms to prior work in non-abelian dual computations of Hari Dass and his collaborators, addressing several problems that have been left open. We report results of spin expectation value computations over a range of lattice sizes and couplings that are in agreement with our conventional lattice computations. We conclude with an outlook on further development of dual methods and their application to problems of current interest.Comment: v1: 18 pages, 7 figures, v2: Many changes to appendix, minor changes throughout, references and figures added, v3: minor corrections, 22 page

A study to compare the efficacy of intermittent versus continuous regimen of pantaprazole in the management of upper gastrointestinal bleed (non variceal)

Background: UGI bleeding is defined as bleeding that occurs in the digestive tract proximal to the ligament of treitz. Intermittent dosage regimen IV bolus and high dose IV continuous infusion forms helps in achieving and maintaining this pH goal of more than 6 which forms optimal environment for peptic ulcer healing and clot stabilization to occur. Theoretically, high-dose IV continuous infusion should provide the most potent acid suppression. Aims and objective was to compare the efficacy of intermittent dose of pantoprazole given for 3 days i.e. 40mg intravenous twice a day versus continuous infusion dose of pantaprazole i.e. 80mg intravenous bolus followed by 8mg/hour for first 72hours in the treatment of UGI bleed.Methods: Patients of UGI bleed were randomly assigned to receive either continuous or intermittent regimen of pantaprazole as a part of management.Results: Among 118 patients of peptic ulcer disease, 7 patients had rebleed and 111 patients had no rebleed.3 patients among 59 patients who received continuous regimen and 4 patients among 59 patients who received intermittent regimen had rebleed with a total of 7 patients among 118 patients. Among 118 patients only 2 patients of the total had need for surgery for stabilization. Among 59 patients who received continuous regimen 2 patients needed surgery while none of the 59 patients who received intermittent regimen needed for surgery. Of the 118 patients 10 patients had mortality at the end of 30 day period. In both the regimes 5 patients died.Conclusions: The difference between Rockall score of the intermittent and continuous regimen group was statistically insignificant. The incidence of rebleed was 5.1 % for continuous and 6.7% for intermittent regimen which was statiscally insignificant. The incidence of mortality was similar 8.5%in both regimen