Initial values of pores’ pressure and stress in the problems for soil consolidation

According to the basic model of V. Florin a method was developed for determining the initial excess pore pressure p0 at all points of the soil mass. Here the sum of the main stresses in the skeleton of the soil was found. Moreover, the additional pressure due to the application of external load, with an instant consolidation of the soil goes to zero. As a design scheme, a two - phase soil cylinder compaction with the radius r, the height h with a permeable bottom and walls is assumed. A uniformly distributed load with intensity q is applied on some upper part a < R of the cylinder area. In connection with the symmetry of the problem under investigation with respect to z axis, it is investigated in the cylindrical coordinates. On the basis of this result, the solution of the problem for the concentrated force is determined

Research of the Spectral Characteristics of Apodized Fiber Bragg Gratings

Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) are widely used in different areas of the state-of–the -art fiber optics. Every task imposes specified requirements to the FBG spectral characteristics, which are scheduled at the gratings manufacturing stage. Manufacturing and using the Bragg fiber-optic gratings is impossible without measuring their characteristics at every stage of manufacturing the gratings themselves and devices on their basis. To select FBG’s optimal parameter we will compare the parameter SGW with several different the most widely used apodization functions. Upon manufacturing the FBG there applied strict requirements to their parameters. Recording or manufacturing the fiber Bragg gratings might be classified according to the type of the laser being used, radiation wave length, recording techniques, irradiation material and grating type. The article is dedicated to the techniques of computing and measuring the FBG’s principal parameters; it is necessary to define optimal parameters of the characteristics for the grating quality operation

Research of the Spectral Characteristics of Apodized Fiber Bragg Gratings

Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBG) are widely used in different areas of the state-of–the -art fiber optics. Every task imposes specified requirements to the FBG spectral characteristics, which are scheduled at the gratings manufacturing stage. Manufacturing and using the Bragg fiber-optic gratings is impossible without measuring their characteristics at every stage of manufacturing the gratings themselves and devices on their basis. To select FBG’s optimal parameter we will compare the parameter SGW with several different the most widely used apodization functions. Upon manufacturing the FBG there applied strict requirements to their parameters. Recording or manufacturing the fiber Bragg gratings might be classified according to the type of the laser being used, radiation wave length, recording techniques, irradiation material and grating type. The article is dedicated to the techniques of computing and measuring the FBG’s principal parameters; it is necessary to define optimal parameters of the characteristics for the grating quality operation