Prevalence of menopausal symptoms and its association with various factors among women in post menopausal age group: a cross-sectional study

Background: Menopause is an important time in women's life and it is a natural event in the process of aging. The onset of menopause heralds a time of diminished estrogen exposure, which may have both acute and chronic effect on health and quality of life.Methods: It was a cross sectional study, conducted for a period of 3months i.e. June to August 2018 among post menopausal women in 8 selected villages with a sample size of 247.Results: The common post- menopausal symptoms were joint and muscular discomfort, bladder problems, symptoms of dryness of vagina, physical and mental exhaustion. Factors like education, occupation, socio-economic status, marital status, parity, mode of delivery, age at menopause and BMI was related to one or more menopausal symptoms.  Conclusions: Proper and timely intervention among post menopausal women will help to reduce the symptoms and lead a better quality of life.

Role of vaginal progesterone in reducing the rate of preterm labour in women with a sonographic short cervix

Background: Preterm labour is responsible for not only neonatal morbidity and mortality but also has long term consequences .Till now there is no effective method of prevention. Progesterone has shown promising result. But ideal candidate, ideal route and when to start the treatment are still in dilemma. The present study was undertaken to know the role of progesterone on pregnant women with sonographically short cervix.Methods: This prospective case control study was started on 100 pregnant women with sonographic short cervix (≤2.5 cm) and between 19 – 29 weeks of gestation. 60 women, some with history of midtrimester abortion or preterm labour and some without this history were treated as cases and were given vaginal progesterone pessary 200 mg once daily till rupture of membrane or onset of labour or up to 36 weeks of gestation whichever is earlier. 40 women without any history of midtrimester abortion or preterm labour were treated as control and followed up.Results: Among the cases 18.3%, delivered preterm and 81.7% were term deliveries. Respective proportions among control were 40% and 60% respectively. 26 among the cases and all women of control group did not have history of preterm labour and mid trimester abortion. In the case group 26.9% and in the control group 40% had preterm deliveries. Though the proportion of labour was lower among the cases it is not statistically significant (p = 0.276). There is mean prolongation of gestational age by 8.4± 1.29 weeks in case group in present pregnancy compared the previous one in cases with history of preterm labour and midtrimester abortion which was statistically significant .When neonatal complication are compared there is no significant difference between the two groups.Conclusions: Vaginal progesterone started from midtrimester in pregnant ladies with short cervix with previous history of midtrimester abortion or preterm labour is effective in reducing the rate of preterm birth

The nonleptonic decays of bb-flavored mesons to SS-wave charmonium and charm meson states

The detection of radially excited heavy meson \\states in recent years and measurement of heavy meson decays, particularly $B_c^+\to J/\psi D_s^+$ and $B_c^+\to J/\psi D_s^{*+}$, by the LHCb and ATLAS Collaborations, have aroused a lot of theoretical interest in the nonleptonic decays of $b$-flavored mesons. In this paper, we study the exclusive two-body nonleptonic $\bar{B}^0$, $\bar{B_s^0}$, $B^-$ and $B_c^-$-meson decays to two vector meson ($V_1(nS)V_2$) states. Assuming the factorization hypothesis, we calculate the weak-decay form factors from the overlapping integrals of meson wave functions, in the framework of the relativistic independent quark (RIQ) model. We find a few dominant decay modes: $B^-\to D^{*0}\rho^-$, $\bar{B^0}\to D^{*+}\rho^-$, $\bar{B_s^0}\to D_s^{*+}\rho^-$, $B^-\to J/\psi K^{*-}$ and $B_c^-\to J/\psi D_s^{*-}$ with predicted branching fractions of 1.54, 1.42, 1.17, 0.53 and 0.52 (in $\%$), which are experimentally accessible. The predicted branching fractions for corresponding decay modes to excited ($2S$) states, obtained in the order ${\cal O }(10^{-3}-10^{-4})$ lie within the detection accuracy of the current experiments at LHCb and Tevatron. The sizeable $CP$-odd fractions predicted for $B_c^-$-meson decay to two charmful states: $D^{*0}D^{*-}_{(s)}$ and $\bar{D}^{*0}D^{*-}_{(s)}$ indicate significant $CP$-violation hinting at the so-called new physics beyond the standard model.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2202.0116