Classification of Russian textbooks by grade level and topic using ReaderBench

This article analyzes automated methods for classifying Russian-language textbooks in two dimensions, and precisely on the topic of the text and its complexity, reflected by the corresponding school level (class

Discourse complexity: driving forces of the new paradigm

In the article, the authors investigate what makes the text difficult for a certain category of readers, thereby expanding the object of research from " text" to "text and reader", or, more specifically, "alignment of text and reader". Texts are examined for complexity, i.e. features of the text that affect its understandin

Identification of temperature profile and heat transfer on a dielectric membrane for gas sensors by `COSMOS' program simulation

The application of commercial 3-D software `COSMOS' for the design and thermal analysis of the low power consumption test structures with dielectric membrane for gas microsensors is presented. Within this work, the simulation provides the estimation of the temperature profile on the active area and the whole membrane including the four bridges and the heating efficiency in the temperature range 20-500 °C. Unravelling of the heat loss mechanisms in terms of radiation, convection, conduction by air and solid materials during heat transfer on the dielectric membrane is reported for the first time as a mean to evaluate by 3-D simulation the contribution of technological processes and lay-out design to the total heat losses

Lexical and syntactic features of academic Russian texts: a discriminant analysis

This article presents three mathematical models to differentiate academic texts from three subject discourses written in Russian (i.e., Philological, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences) which further enable design and automated profiling of corresponding typologie

Ring-Pattern Dynamics in Smectic-C* and Smectic-C_A* Freely Suspended Liquid Crystal Films

Ring patterns of concentric 2pi-solitons in molecular orientation, form in freely suspended chiral smectic-C films in response to an in-plane rotating electric field. We present measurements of the zero-field relaxation of ring patterns and of the driven dynamics of ring formation under conditions of synchronous winding, and a simple model which enables their quantitative description in low polarization DOBAMBC. In smectic C_A* TFMHPOBC we observe an odd-even layer number effect, with odd number layer films exhibiting order of magnitude slower relaxation rates than even layer films. We show that this rate difference is due to much larger spontaneous polarization in odd number layer films.Comment: 4 RevTeX pgs, 4 eps figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Charge transport and trapping in Cs-doped poly(dialkoxy-p-phenylene vinylene) light-emitting diodes

Al/Cs/MDMO-PPV/ITO (where MDMO-PPV stands for poly[2-methoxy-5-(3'-7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4phenylene vinylene] and ITO is indium tin oxide) light-emitting diode (LED) structures, made by physical vapor deposition of Cs on the emissive polymer layer, have been characterized by electroluminescence, current-voltage, and admittance spectroscopy. Deposition of Cs is found to improve the balance between electron and hole currents, enhancing the external electroluminescence efficiency from 0.01 cd A-1 for the bare Al cathode to a maximum of 1.3 cd A-1 for a Cs coverage of only 1.5×1014 atoms/cm2. By combining I-V and admittance spectra with model calculations, in which Cs diffusion profiles are explicitly taken into account, this effect could be attributed to a potential drop at the cathode interface due to a Cs-induced electron donor level 0.61 eV below the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. In addition, the admittance spectra in the hole-dominated regime are shown to result from space-charge-limited conduction combined with charge relaxation in trap levels. This description allows us to directly determine the carrier mobility, even in the presence of traps. In contrast to recent literature, we demonstrate that there is no need to include dispersive transport in the description of the carrier mobility to explain the excess capacitance that is typically observed in admittance spectra of p-conjugated materials

A large topographic feature on the surface of the trans-Neptunian object (307261) 2002 MS4_4 measured from stellar occultations

This work aims at constraining the size, shape, and geometric albedo of the dwarf planet candidate 2002 MS4 through the analysis of nine stellar occultation events. Using multichord detection, we also studied the object's topography by analyzing the obtained limb and the residuals between observed chords and the best-fitted ellipse. We predicted and organized the observational campaigns of nine stellar occultations by 2002 MS4 between 2019 and 2022, resulting in two single-chord events, four double-chord detections, and three events with three to up to sixty-one positive chords. Using 13 selected chords from the 8 August 2020 event, we determined the global elliptical limb of 2002 MS4. The best-fitted ellipse, combined with the object's rotational information from the literature, constrains the object's size, shape, and albedo. Additionally, we developed a new method to characterize topography features on the object's limb. The global limb has a semi-major axis of 412 $\pm$ 10 km, a semi-minor axis of 385 $\pm$ 17 km, and the position angle of the minor axis is 121 $^\circ$ $\pm$ 16$^\circ$. From this instantaneous limb, we obtained 2002 MS4's geometric albedo and the projected area-equivalent diameter. Significant deviations from the fitted ellipse in the northernmost limb are detected from multiple sites highlighting three distinct topographic features: one 11 km depth depression followed by a 25$^{+4}_{-5}$ km height elevation next to a crater-like depression with an extension of 322 $\pm$ 39 km and 45.1 $\pm$ 1.5 km deep. Our results present an object that is $\approx$138 km smaller in diameter than derived from thermal data, possibly indicating the presence of a so-far unknown satellite. However, within the error bars, the geometric albedo in the V-band agrees with the results published in the literature, even with the radiometric-derived albedo