Virtual transitions in an atom-mirror system in the presence of two scalar photons

We examine the virtual transition of an atom-mirror system with the simultaneous emission of two scalar photons, where the atom and the mirror admit a relative acceleration between them. For the single photon emission, literature (Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 (2018) 071301) dictates that the transition probabilities of two individual systems, such as an atom accelerating with respect to the mirror and its reverse, turn out to be equivalent under the exchange of the frequencies of atom and the field. Addressing the observational merit of such excitation process, a detectable probability ($P \sim 10^{-2}$) is also reported in the above literature. In the present manuscript our finding dictates that the simultaneous emission of dual photon instead of one, destroys the equivalence between the transition probabilities as reported in the above literature.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure

Horizon brightened accelerated radiation in the background of braneworld black holes

The concept of horizon brightened acceleration radiation (HBAR) has brought to us a distinct mechanism of particle production in curved spacetime. In this manuscript we examine the HBAR phenomena for a braneworld black hole (BBH) which emerges as an effective theory in our $(3+1)$ dimensional universe due to the higher dimensional gravitational effects. Despite being somewhat similar to the Reissner-Nordstr$\ddot{\rm o}$m solution in general relativity, the BBH is unique with respect to its charge term which is rather the tidal charge. In this background, we study the transition probability of the atom due to the atom-field interaction and the associated HBAR entropy. Both the quantities acquire modifications over the standard Schwarzschild results and turn out to be the function of the tidal charge. This modifications appear solely due to the bulk gravitational effects as induced on the 3-brane. Studying the Wien's displacement, we observe an important feature that the wavelengths of HBAR corresponding to the Schwarzschild and the BBH, deviate from each other depending on their masses. This deviation is found to be more pronounced for the mass values slightly greater or comparable to the Planck mass.Comment: 13 pages, 2 figure

Both babies with sirenomelia’ in twin pregnancy: a case report and review of literature

Sirenomelia, also called as ‘Mermaid syndrome’, is a rare congenital malformation of uncertain aetiology. It is characterised by fusion of the lower limbs and commonly associated with severe urogenital and gastrointestinal malformation. We report a case of twin pregnancy with both babies had sirenomelia. No previous case of ‘both babies with sirenomelia’ in twin pregnancy has been reported till date

Impact of the non-biodegradable plastics and role of microbes in biotic degradation

Plastic is a group of elastic organic compounds whose definition has radically changed from being a large family of useful polymers to an indispensable part of life.  We might say we are residing in the “era of plasticene”. If we simply pause and look around, we would realize that a majority of things in our daily life comprise plastic polymers.  Currently, the international production of these polymers has spiked to around 300 million metric tons annually. Surprisingly about 50 percent of the products are discarded within a year of fabrication.  Once discarded ‘outside’ they end up ‘somewhere’ and start exerting their disruptive consequences.  Despite its enormous utility, it is now being increasingly known that these polymers are surely not without their downsides.  Several steps are taken and even more, are being investigated so the mayhem of plastic doesn't prove for a "no pilot in cockpit" situation. Here we have conducted a review work of the available literature on various biological entities that can utilize plastic while at the same time focusing our attempts to assemble information regarding the probable enzymes that do it.  We have also provided a report on the effect of different plastics on the ecosystem and the various management alternatives out there