On some special cases of the Entropy Photon-Number Inequality

We show that the Entropy Photon-Number Inequality (EPnI) holds where one of the input states is the vacuum state and for several candidates of the other input state that includes the cases when the state has the eigenvectors as the number states and either has only two non-zero eigenvalues or has arbitrary number of non-zero eigenvalues but is a high entropy state. We also discuss the conditions, which if satisfied, would lead to an extension of these results.Comment: 12 pages, no figure

Multi-Objective Optimization in Machining (Turning) of Copper

A multi-objective optimization problem has been showcased in this work, which involves the use of both the TOPSIS and Utility in the case study in machining of copper. The machining process turning is being studied with the aim of identifying the best possible environmental parameters, so that the present day need of quality and productivity can be satisfied simultaneously. The conventional Taguchi method has the drawback of failing to solve multi-objective optimization cases. Hence we use TOPSIS and Utility model to get rid of this constraint. These two, when coupled with concept of Taguchi creates a single response optimization environment from a multi-response optimization case. The closeness and Utility Index are the governing single objective function that assist the optimization process. This merger of Taguchi concept with TOPSIS/Utility process gives the best]/optimal setting. The data from closeness coefficient and utility index are in turn used to find the S/N ratio based on Taguchi concept. The process environment corresponding to maximum value of S/N ratio of closeness coefficient and utility index is considered as the optimum solution. The verification has been made by other conformity test. The above study gives us an insight for feasible application of the above methodology as multi-response optimization of copper machining process and its off-line control are being studied to improve the productivity as well as the qualit

A Multifunctional Equipment for Early Detection of Leakages from Nuclear Waste Containment Estimating Thermal and Electrical Resistivity, Moisture Content of Soil

Nuclear accidents can be due to release of radioactive elements into air, into water body and soil, leakages from outdated reactors, etc. Moisture or humidity detection is the primary leakage detection method, but there may be variation in the moisture content of soil around the nuclear storage tanks due to various other reasons, such as rainfall or change in groundwater table, which gives inconsistent warning. In the present study multifunctional equipment is fabricated that estimates soil thermal resistivity, electrical resistivity and the moisture content in the soil. The thermal probe was calibrated using standard glycerol and the electrical probe was calibrated using sodium chloride and potassium chloride solution. A Laboratory model study was conducted simulating the nuclear leakage using sodium thiosulphate pentahydrate solution. The difference in thermal and electrical resistivity corresponding to moisture leakage and high conductivity fluid solution was identified. The equipment will help us in predicting the soil thermal and electrical properties, which can be used to give timely warning if there is any abnormal release/leakage of nuclear wastes from the storage tanks

The Impact of Democracy on Economic Growth in South Asia

One of the most fundamental themes that combine the disciplines of political science and economics is the role played by democracy in the economic growth of a country. Does democracy accelerate or hinder growth? The literature is divided on this topic with both sides presenting strong empirical and theoretical views. This paper studies this issue in the context of South Asia. Our theoretical framework brings out the key characteristics that are often highlighted in both sides of the intellectual debate. Using econometric methods and tools such as Pooled, Fixed and Random Effects estimates, we aim to study the relationship between democracy and economic growth in South Asia over the period 1990-2018. After dealing with the often-ignored issue of endogeneity using Instrumental Variables, our results show that democracy has a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in the region

Entropy power inequality for a family of discrete random variables

It is known that the Entropy Power Inequality (EPI) always holds if the random variables have density. Not much work has been done to identify discrete distributions for which the inequality holds with the differential entropy replaced by the discrete entropy. Harremo\"{e}s and Vignat showed that it holds for the pair (B(m,p), B(n,p)), m,n \in \mathbb{N}, (where B(n,p) is a Binomial distribution with n trials each with success probability p) for p = 0.5. In this paper, we considerably expand the set of Binomial distributions for which the inequality holds and, in particular, identify n_0(p) such that for all m,n \geq n_0(p), the EPI holds for (B(m,p), B(n,p)). We further show that the EPI holds for the discrete random variables that can be expressed as the sum of n independent identical distributed (IID) discrete random variables for large n.Comment: 18 pages, 1 figur

Preparation & Characterization of Activated Kaolinite

Kaolinite has been used for many purposes since ages. Kaolinite is the major mineral segment of kaolin. The clay sample (china clay) was collected. Calcination of china clay was carried out at a temperature of 750°C to form metakaolin. The chemical analysis results of raw clay sample showed that the clay is composed of alumina and silica. Activated clay was synthesized by acid and alkali leaching process of metakaolin. Two strong acids HCl and H2SO4 were used for acid activation and KOH was used for carrying out alkali activation. The residue formed was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction study to confirm the phases. The particle morphology was studied by FE-SEM study, and the specific surface area was studied by BET analysis. TG-DSC analysis was also carried out to see the mass loss and formation of any new compounds. These analyses were carried out separately for all three samples of activated clay. The results showed an increase in surface area of the leached clay which hints that activated clay can be used as a catalytic agent in many chemical reactions and an adsorber to remove impurities