Production of pulsed low energy electron beams

In this thesis, an experimental setup for the production of low energy electron beams based on Explosive Electron Emission (EEE) is used to study the transmission of pulsed low energy electron beams through silicon nitride foils. The electron beam density before and after the foil are measured. The experimental values fully agree with the theoretical estimates. Work done in this thesis is a judicious combination of vacuum technology, pulsing of high voltage sources, thermal physics and electronics. Dia rams and -photo uaphs of the experimental setup arl-I presented. A paper was 9 presented at the American Vacuum Society (AVS) symposium at Rutgers University in New Brunswick in May 1997 to the effect of this work. The experimental values fully agree with the theoretical estimates. Work done in this thesis is a judicious combination of vacuum technology, pulsing of high voltage sources, thermal physics and electronics. Diagrams and photographs of the experimental setup are presented. A paper was presented at the American Vacuum Society (AVS) symposium at Rutgers University in New Brunswick in May 1997 to the effect of this work

Anisotropic generalization of well-known solutions describing relativistic self-gravitating fluid systems: An algorithm

We present an algorithm to generalize a plethora of well-known solutions to Einstein field equations describing spherically symmetric relativistic fluid spheres by relaxing the pressure isotropy condition on the system. By suitably fixing the model parameters in our formulation, we generate closed-form solutions which may be treated as anisotropic generalization of a large class of solutions describing isotropic fluid spheres. From the resultant solutions, a particular solution is taken up to show its physical acceptability. Making use of the current estimate of mass and radius of a known pulsar, the effects of anisotropic stress on the gross physical behaviour of a relativistic compact star is also highlighted.Comment: To appear in Eur. Phys. J.

Effect of multimodal interventions on pain and activities of daily living among the elderly with osteoarthritis

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of multimodal interventions on pain and activities of daily living among the elderly with         knee osteoarthritis attending Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation OPD at General Hospital Alappuzha,Kerala. Objectives were to assess the level of joint pain in elderly with knee osteoarthritis, to assess the ability of elderly to perform activities of daily living, to evaluate the effect of multimodal interventions on pain and activities of daily living of elderly with knee osteoarthritis and to find out association between multimodal interventions and analgesic usage. The investigator adopted quantitative experimental approach for the study and research design was quasi experimental non equivalent control group design. The sample size was 74 elderly patients diagnosed as knee osteoarthritis selected using purposive sampling technique. A structured interview schedule was used to assess the socio personal and clinical data; pain and activities of daily living were assessed by numerical pain rating scale and Katz index respectively. Routine care was given to control group, while the experimental group underwent multimodal interventions which included educational session, isometric exercises and moist heat application for three weeks along with routine care. After three weeks, post-test was done in both groups. The findings revealed that there was a significant reduction in pain (P<0.001), improvement in activities of daily living (P<0.001) and also reduction in frequency of analgesic intake (p< 0.001) among elderly with knee osteoarthritis

Prediction of Body Weight from Linear Body Measurements in Nili-Ravi Buffalo Calves

An experiment was carried out on 24 Nili-Ravi male buffalo calves to find out the correlation of body weight with linear body measurements and to test the accuracy and precision of regression equations to estimate body weight from body measurements. All the linear body measurements during 6 to 24 months of age were positively and significantly (P< 0.01) correlated with body weight. The coefficient values were decreased gradually with the increase of age of calves. The body weight of 6-12, 12-18 and 18-24 month calves can be predicted on the basis of linear body measurements with very low standard error of estimates and the developed models explained 83.21, 82.23 and 66.66% of variation in body weight, respectively

The neutron production rate measurement of an indigenously developed compact D-D neutron generator

One electrostatic accelerator based compact neutron generator was developed. The deuterium ions generated by the ion source were accelerated by one accelerating gap after the extraction from the ion source and bombarded to a target. Two different types of targets, the drive - in titanium target and the deuteriated titanium target were used. The neutron generator was operated at the ion source discharge potential at +Ve 1 kV that generates the deuterium ion current of 200 mA at the target while accelerated through a negative potential of 80 kV in the vacuum at 1.3×10-2 Pa filled with deuterium gas. A comparative study for the neutron yield with both the targets was carried out. The neutron flux measurement was done by the bubble detectors purchased from Bubble Technology Industries. The number of bubbles formed in the detector is the direct measurement of the total energy deposited in the detector. By counting the number of bubbles the total dose was estimated. With the help of the ICRP-74 neutron flux to dose equivalent rate conversion factors and the solid angle covered by the detector, the total neutron flux was calculated. In this presentation the operation of the generator, neutron detection by bubble detector and estimation of neutron flux has been discussed