131 research outputs found
Distinguishing different classes of entanglement of three-qubit pure states
Employing the Pauli matrices, we have constructed a set of operators, which
can be used to distinguish six inequivalent classes of entanglement under SLOCC
(stochastic local operation and classical communication) for three-qubit pure
states. These operators have very simple structure and can be obtained from the
Mermin's operator with suitable choice of directions. Moreover these operators
may be implemented in an experiment to distinguish the types of entanglement
present in a state. We show that the measurement of only one operator is
sufficient to distinguish GHZ class from rest of the classes. It is also shown
that it is possible to detect and classify other classes by performing a small
number of measurements. We also show how to construct such observables in any
basis. We also consider a few mixed states to investigate the usefulness of our
operators. Furthermore, we consider the teleportation scheme of Lee et al.
(Phys. Rev. A 72, 024302 (2005)) and show that the partial tangles and hence
teleportation fidelity can be measured. We have also shown that these partial
tangles can also be used to classify genuinely entangled state, biseparable
state and separable state.Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, comments welcom
Host-delivered-RNAi-mediated resistance in bananas against biotic stresses
Both the biotic and abiotic stressors restrict the yield potential of many crops, including bananas. Bananas belong to the genus Musa and are the world’s most popular and widely produced fruit for their nutritional and industrial importance. The demand for bananas is growing each day worldwide. However, different pest infestations are hampering the production of bananas, making it a matter of concern for global food security. Several biotechnological tools and applications including RNA interference (RNAi) have been employed to enhance the biotic stress resistance in plants. The capacity to silence targeted genes at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels makes the RNAi technique a popular choice for gene knock-down and functional genomics studies in crops. Silencing of different suppressor molecule coding genes through RNAi helps crops to combat the detrimental effects of plant pathogens. The host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology, also known as the host-delivered RNAi (HD-RNAi), is nowadays gaining popularity due to its ability to target an array of pathogens, comprising bacteria, nematodes, fungi, viruses, and insects. This methodology is employed to manage disease pest outbreaks in a diverse range of crop species, including bananas. Besides HIGS, virus-induced and spray-induced gene silencing (VIGS and SIGS, respectively) are the potential approaches where RNAi technology is exploited to control plant-pathogenic diseases. The current review emphasizes the different kinds of diseases of bananas and the potential of HD-RNAi, a new-age and promising technology to build a barrier against significant crop and economic loss
Multi-band superconductivity driven by a site-selective mechanism in MoGa
The family of the endohedral gallide cluster compounds recently emerged as a
new family of superconductors which is expected to host systems displaying
unconventional physics. MoGa is an important member of this family
which shows relatively large 10 K and has shown indications of
strong electron-phonon coupling and multi-band superconductivity. Here, through
direct measurement of superconducting energy gap by scanning tunneling
spectroscopy (STS) we demonstrate the existence of two distinct superconducting
gaps of magnitude 0.85 meV and 1.6 meV respectively in MoGa. Both
the gaps are seen to be conventional in nature as they evolve systematically
with temperature as per the predictions of BCS theory. Our band structure
calculations reveal that only two specific Mo sites in an unit cell contribute
to superconductivity where only / and orbitals
have strong contributions. Our analysis indicates that the site-elective
contribution govern the two-gap nature of superconductivity in MoGa.Comment: 6 pages, 5 figure
Identity Elements of Archaeal tRNA
Features unique to a transfer-RNA are recognized by the corresponding
tRNA-synthetase. Keeping this in view we isolate the discriminating features of
all archaeal tRNA. These are our identity elements. Further, we investigate
tRNA-characteristics that delineate the different orders of archaea
Solubility and Dissolution Enhancement of Etoricoxib by Solid Dispersion Technique Using Sugar Carriers
The aim of the present study was to improve solubility and dissolution of the poorly aqueous soluble drug, etoricoxib by solvent evaporation technique using various sugar carriers, such as lactose, sucrose, and mannitol. Etoricoxib solid dispersions and their respective physical mixtures using lactose, sucrose, and mannitol were prepared in different ratios by solvent evaporation technique. The percent yield, drug content, saturation solubility, and in vitro dissolution of etoricoxib solid dispersions and physical mixtures were analyzed. Etoricoxib solid dispersions were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and DSC analysis. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis revealed the possibility of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in various solid dispersions. The XRD and DSC studies indicated the transformation of crystalline etoricoxib (in pure drug) to amorphous etoricoxib (in solid dispersions) by the solid dispersion technology. Both the aqueous solubility and dissolution of etoricoxib were observed in all etoricoxib solid dispersions as compared with pure etoricoxib and their physical mixtures. The in vitro dissolution studies exhibited improved dissolution in case of solid dispersion using lactose than the solid dispersions using both sucrose and mannitol. The in vitro dissolution of etoricoxib from these solid dispersions followed Hixson-Crowell model
- …