Variational method in the design of an optimum solar water heater storage tank

Solar water heaters are now have been accepted as a reliable source of providing hot water heating in many domestic homes and are becoming more popular. Unfortunately, solar water heaters are still considered luxurious hardware in Malaysia. A cheaper and efficient solar water heater system is required to be designed. The only way to produce cheaper and efficient product is through the optimization process to obtain the minimum cost but still maintain the specification required or known as constraints. In this paper, the vertical water storage tank will be analyzed to obtain the optimum cost. Thermosyphon-flow solar water heating system is preferred for obvious economic reasons since they do not require circulation pumps and control units. Average temperature of the hot water in the storage tank is determined through temperature distribution simulation. The overall average temperature obtained is 49.3ºC and is used to solve the optimization problem. The constraints in the optimization process are the tank volume and heat losses from the water in the tank. The Lagrange multiplier method, which is based on the differentiation of the objective function and the constraints is applied. The minimum cost obtained for storage tank volume of 225 litres is RM 1321.6

Natural Frequency Analysis Of All Edges Clamped Flexible Thin Plate

In this paper, the analysis of natural frequencies for all clamped edges rectangular flexible thin plate is carried out using Finite Difference (FD) and Finite Element (FE) approaches. According to the literatures, the differential equation of plate was obtained by considering the Kirchhoff hypotheses and Newton’s law. The dynamic differential model is developed by using the FD to obtain the natural frequencies of given plate; for this purpose, a displacement model is converted to combination of sine and cosine functions in form of Fast Fourier Series. In second method, modes of vibration are driven by FE method using the ABAQUS software. The obtained natural frequencies of both methods are evaluated and compared with previous literatures; the outcomes can explain that the improved FD method’s results are more accurate in compare with FE method’s

Perancangan Kereta Dorong Barang Dengan Pengungkit Beroda Gigi Otomatis

The development of science can be rise of some alternative in a product. It’s supported by the step up or changing of taste of the consumer and the economic development. The innovation of product is a exact solution to do by the producer to complete the condition of product and to satisfied of consumer. By the planning and staking of product, a product is produced in accordance with the quality with the customer requirement. The product of trial with lever automatic gear is the product which is needed to be innovation by the process of planning and staking product in that. Is because, the consumer demand specially the trial user in the things who wants to feel the benefit safety of it. With the measuring of anthropometric with measure (elbow stand up and high of waist stand up) will be get the plane of trial measuring with ergonomic and zero-one method for determine of performance value, the sum of making value of some product and values decision of a alternative solution can be chooser with is gotten from identification of customer requirement. By step planning process and the development of this product which can be fill the customer requirement

Dinamik aliran: pengenalan dan teori

Buku ini mengandungi beberapa bab iaitu kandungan: prakata, bab 1 konsep–konsep aliran bendalir, konsep sistem dan isipadu kawalan, fluk vektor, penerbitan teorem angkut reynolds, bab 2 persamaan keselanjaran dan penggunaannya, hukum keabadian jisim, hal-hal khusus persamaan keselanjaran, persamaan keselanjaran dalam bentuk pembeza, bab 3 persamaan momentum dan penggunaannya, penerbitan hukum keabadian momentum aliran, daya tekanan bersih, fluk momentum matra–satu, bab 4 persamaan tenaga dan penggunaannya, penerbitan hukum keabadian tenaga aliran, unsur–unsur ws, penyederhanaan persamaan tenaga, kesusutan turus, bab 5 prinsip aliran likat, persamaan navier–stokes, beberapa penyelesaian eksak persamaan navier–stokes, aliran couette, bab 6 aliran lapisan sempadan lamina, anggapan lapisan sempadan, konsep tebal lapisan anjakan dan momentum, penyelesaian blasius, bab 7 prinsip aliran unggul, pembahasan tentang persamaan euler, pengamiran persamaan euler, aliran berputar dan tidak berputar, edaran, bab 8 aliran upaya bendalir tidak boleh mampat, konsep rangkap arus aliran matra satu, hubungan di antara rangkap arus dan halaju upaya, aliran sederhana bermatra–satu, kaedah superposisi aliran sederhana, bab 9 prinsip matra–satu aliran gas unggul, konsep awal, persamaan menakluk aliran gas, penerbitan laju gelombang suara, hubungan proses aliran isentropik, bab 10 aliran quasi matra–satu gas unggul, persamaan menakluk masalah, hubungan di antara luas dan halaju, aliran isentropik dalam saluran menumpu–capah, bibliografi serta indeks

Data Organization For Data Broadcasting In Mobile Computing

Peningkatan penggunaan di dalam teknologi tanpa wayar, membenarkan data atau maklumat dicapai oleh pengguna pada bila-bila masa dan di mana sahaja. The advances in mobile devices and wireless communication techniques have enabled anywhere, anytime data access

On a certain subclass of meromorphic univalent functions with fixed second positive coefficients

In the present paper, we consider the subclass of meromorphic univalent functions S<SUB>p</SUB><SUP>*</SUP>[k,α,β,c] with fixed second positive coefficient. The object of the present paper is to show coefficient estimates, onvex liner combinations, some distortion theorems, and redii of star likeness and convexity for f(z) in the class S<SUB>p</SUB><SUP>*</SUP>[k,α,β,c]