FORMULATION, EVALUATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF SUSTAINED-RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF CISAPRIDE TABLET

Objective: Cisapride is a novel prokinetic agent is best candidate for GERD. Cisapride 20 mg can be given thrice in a day given along with Proton pump inhibitor. By developing the sustain release formulation of Cisapride, the frequency of both drug can be reduce to once only to obtain good therapeutic response. Methods: Cisapride SR Tablets were prepared by direct compression technique with HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M polymers. Followed by various evaluation tests including in vitro disintegration and dissolution, the formulation was optimized by 32 full factorial designs with drug release kinetic analysis, compatibility studies (FTIR) and stability studies. Results: Results of Preformulation studies of the Cisapride indicate that it has poor flow property and compressibility property. To improve the flow and compressibility property, it was beneficial to use the directly compressible grade components in the formulation of tablet. Results of DSC study shown that there is no change in drug’s melting peak after the preparation of tablet. Hydrophilic matrix of HPMC K4M and HPMC K100M in combination sustained the Cisapride release effectively for more than 12h. The result indicates that the combination of HPMCK4M and HPMCK100M can be successfully, On the basis of the preliminary trials in the present study a32 full factorial design was employed to study the effect of independent variables, i.e. concentration of HPMCK4M(X1) and concentration of HPMCK100M(X2)on dependent variables like% drug release Q2, Q6 and Q10. Drug release is also dependent on the size of matrix tablets so, size and surface area was kept constant. Factorial batches F018, F019, F020, and F021 give the f2 value 75-100. Factorial batch F019 gives the highest f2 value 86.04 and also all the hour’s drug release was within the specified limits. Conclusion: The prepared formulation of Cisapride sustains release matrix tablet was stable and effective in treatment

SCREENING AND CHARACTERISTIC STUDY OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTINOMYCETES FROM NEAR-BY SOIL OF MEDICINAL PLANTS

Objective: Isolation and characterization study of actinomycetes from soil near medicinal plants in saurashtra region of Gujarat which can produce antimicrobial compounds.Methods: Present study 11 different medicinal plants 3 regions of saurashtra selected. Microflora part of soil was used. Different media used for isolation. Microscopic methods used for Study of colony characteristics, arial and vegetative mycelium color and morphological examination of isolates. Primary screening was done by using cross streak method while for secondary screening well diffusion techniques with thin layer chromatography and bioautography. Antimicrobial activity of most potent isolates check against test organisms. Different biochemical methods used for characterization of the most active isolate.Results: It was found that out of 66 actinomycetes isolates 45 (68.2 %) actinomycetes isolates were showing activity against test microbes. In the primary screening, 15 actinomycets isolates showed good antimicrobial activity. Out of these 15 actinomycetes isolates 5 isolates GOS1, JOS1, GOS3, GTF1 and JTF1 showing a broad spectrum of activity against microorganisms. It was found that out of this 5 isolates GOS1 was most potent antagonistic actinomycetes. Characterizations, as well as optimization studies of actinomycetes, isolates GOS1 which may use to produce new and useful antimicrobial compounds and other metabolites.Conclusion: It was concluded that actinomycetes isolates from different soil samples nearby medicinal plant area of saurashtra region are a good source to produce many useful antimicrobial compounds and other metabolites

Biodiversity Loss with Habitat and Risk of New Diseases

Biodiversity is the number and variety of organisms found within a specified geographic region. It refers to the varieties of plants, animals, and microorganisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystems they form. Approximately half of Earth’s terrestrial surface is considered to be in a natural or semi-natural condition. It relates to the variability among living organisms on the Earth, including the variability within and between species and that within and between ecosystems. The degradation of nature is among the most serious issues that the world faces, but current targets and consequent actions amount, at best, to a managed decline. Required now are bold and well-defined goals and a credible set of actions to restore the abundance of nature to levels that enable both people and nature to thrive. Human population density strongly correlates with the risk of emergence for all major classes of infectious disease. The maintenance of biodiversity is hypothesised to reduce pathogen prevalence and consequently human disease risk through the dilution effect. However, assuming microbial diversity correlates with that of all other life forms, there may be increased potential for novel pathogens to emerge from biodiverse regions. Here, we present a theoretical framework that exploits the species–area relationship (SAR) to link habitat biodiversity and fragmentation with the exposure to novel infectious diseases.By exploiting ecological theory, it is possible to identify high-risk areas for risk mitigation and mitigation measures that may simultaneously reduce risk and conserve biodiversity, a problem that has previously been described as both conceptually and practically challenging