Agronomic performance and nutritive value of soybean lines developed for forage

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has the potential to produce abundant herbage for forage. Recently, soybean lines have been developed specifically for use as forage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritive of these soybean lines in the Western Corn Belt. In 1994, thirteen forage soybean lines and five check cultivars were studied. In 1995, these same entries were evaluated, plus one new forage line and an additional check cultivar were added to the experiment. Plants were grown in 76-cm rows and samples were collected biweekly;By 135 d after planting (DAP), forage soybean lines yielded 5 to 19% more dry mass than \u27Sherman\u27, which produced the highest dry mass of the check cultivars. Forage lines were 37 to 69% taller than \u27Biloxi\u27, the tallest check cultivar. Forage lines with the highest yield and lowest lodging scores (1 = upright to 5 = prostrate) were OR 14-13-2 (10.8 t ha-1 and lodging score of 1.8) and OR 14-11-2 (10.5 t ha-1 and lodging score of 1.5), which attained 1.87 and 1.95 m heights, respectively. Forage lines had more stem dry mass accumulation than grain-type check soybeans. Based on agronomic performance, forage lines were superior to grain types for forage production;Forage lines had higher concentrations of fiber constituents than grain types. Neutral detergent fiber and lignin concentrations were 560 and 95.5 g kg-1, respectively, for OR 14-13-2, and 440 and 58.3 g kg-1, respectively, for Sherman. Crude protein concentration and IVDMD of forage lines were lower compared with those of the grain types. The line OR 14-23-2 had a crude protein concentration of 158 g kg-1 and IVDMD of 566 g kg-1, whereas Sherman had a crude protein concentration and NDMD of 236 g kg-1 and 649 g kg-1, respectively. High NDF and low crude protein concentrations of stem contributed to low IVDMD of forage soybeans. The higher crude protein concentration and IVDMD of check cultivars were caused by the higher crude protein accumulation in reproductive parts. Differences in dry matter partitioning among plant parts between forage and grain types, together with inherent differences in the quality of the two types, accounted for observed differences in whole-plant forage quality

Production and Quality Characteristics of Forage Soybeans for Livestock Feed

When first introduced into the United States, soybean was used predominately as a summer annual forage legume. Soybean is still consider a viable alternative when supply becomes limiting and additional forage is needed. During the past few years, many forage producers have experienced difficulty establishing alfalfa because of excessively wet or dry springs. Additionally, some loss of established stands has occurred through winter kill. Failure of spring seedings or loss of established stands is usually not apparent until sometime into the growing season. Because of their later planting date than alfalfa, summer annual crops fill an important role in the forage supply of the Midwest. Additionally, the high energy content in soybean lipids (oil) increases the energy density of the forage, which can be of value for supplying the energy needs of high producing ruminants such as lactating dairy cows. In this article, we discuss yield and forage-quality relationships of soybean and point out its potential as feed for ruminant livestock. Because soybean has not been used much for forage recently, such information is limited. First we will make a few introductory comments about forage quality

Upaya Peningkatan Produksi Kelapa Sawit melalui Penerapan Teknik Konservasi Tanah dan Air

Effort to Increase Oil Palm Production through Application Technique of Soil and Water Conservation (K. Murtilaksono, W. Darmosarkoro, E.S. Sutarta, H. H. Siregar, and Y. Hidayat): The study was carried out at block 375, 415, and 414 (block 1, 2, and 3) Afdeling III, Mangement Unit of Rejosari, PT Perkebunan Nusantara VII, Lampung from June 2005 until December 2007.  Objective of the study is to examine the effect of soil and water conservation measurement, namely bund terrace and silt pit that are combined with retarded-water hole on production of oil palm. Sampled trees of each block were randomly selected as much as 36 trees.  Parameters of vegetative growth (additional new frond, total of frond, number of new bunch), production (number of bunch, fresh fruit bunch (TBS)), and average of bunch weigh (RBT) were observed and recorded every two weeks.  Production of palm oil of each block was also recorded every harvesting schedule of Afdeling.  Tabular data were analyzed descriptively by logical comparison among the blocks as result of application of bund terrace and silt pit.  Although the data of sampled trees were erratic, bund terrace and silt pit generally increasing number of frond, number of bunch, average of bunch weight, and fresh fruit bunch.  Bund terrace gived the highest production of TBS (25.2 t ha-1) compared to silt pit application (23.6 t ha-1), and it has better effect on TBS than block control (20.8 t ha-1).  Aside from that, RBT is the highest (21 kg) at bund terrace block compared to silt pit block (20 kg) and control block (19 kg)

Agronomic performance and nutritive value of soybean lines developed for forage

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) has the potential to produce abundant herbage for forage. Recently, soybean lines have been developed specifically for use as forage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance and nutritive of these soybean lines in the Western Corn Belt. In 1994, thirteen forage soybean lines and five check cultivars were studied. In 1995, these same entries were evaluated, plus one new forage line and an additional check cultivar were added to the experiment. Plants were grown in 76-cm rows and samples were collected biweekly;By 135 d after planting (DAP), forage soybean lines yielded 5 to 19% more dry mass than 'Sherman', which produced the highest dry mass of the check cultivars. Forage lines were 37 to 69% taller than 'Biloxi', the tallest check cultivar. Forage lines with the highest yield and lowest lodging scores (1 = upright to 5 = prostrate) were OR 14-13-2 (10.8 t ha-1 and lodging score of 1.8) and OR 14-11-2 (10.5 t ha-1 and lodging score of 1.5), which attained 1.87 and 1.95 m heights, respectively. Forage lines had more stem dry mass accumulation than grain-type check soybeans. Based on agronomic performance, forage lines were superior to grain types for forage production;Forage lines had higher concentrations of fiber constituents than grain types. Neutral detergent fiber and lignin concentrations were 560 and 95.5 g kg-1, respectively, for OR 14-13-2, and 440 and 58.3 g kg-1, respectively, for Sherman. Crude protein concentration and IVDMD of forage lines were lower compared with those of the grain types. The line OR 14-23-2 had a crude protein concentration of 158 g kg-1 and IVDMD of 566 g kg-1, whereas Sherman had a crude protein concentration and NDMD of 236 g kg-1 and 649 g kg-1, respectively. High NDF and low crude protein concentrations of stem contributed to low IVDMD of forage soybeans. The higher crude protein concentration and IVDMD of check cultivars were caused by the higher crude protein accumulation in reproductive parts. Differences in dry matter partitioning among plant parts between forage and grain types, together with inherent differences in the quality of the two types, accounted for observed differences in whole-plant forage quality.</p

Production and Quality Characteristics of Forage Soybeans for Livestock Feed

When first introduced into the United States, soybean was used predominately as a summer annual forage legume. Soybean is still consider a viable alternative when supply becomes limiting and additional forage is needed. During the past few years, many forage producers have experienced difficulty establishing alfalfa because of excessively wet or dry springs. Additionally, some loss of established stands has occurred through winter kill. Failure of spring seedings or loss of established stands is usually not apparent until sometime into the growing season. Because of their later planting date than alfalfa, summer annual crops fill an important role in the forage supply of the Midwest. Additionally, the high energy content in soybean lipids (oil) increases the energy density of the forage, which can be of value for supplying the energy needs of high producing ruminants such as lactating dairy cows. In this article, we discuss yield and forage-quality relationships of soybean and point out its potential as feed for ruminant livestock. Because soybean has not been used much for forage recently, such information is limited. First we will make a few introductory comments about forage quality.</p

Effort to Increase Oil Palm Production through Application Technique of Soil and Water Conservation

The study was carried out at block 375, 415, and 414 (block 1, 2, and 3) Afdeling III, Mangement Unit of Rejosari, PT Perkebunan Nusantara VII, Lampung from June 2005 until December 2007. Objective of the study is to examine the effect of soil and water conservation measurement, namely bund terrace and silt pit that are combined with retarded-water hole on production of oil palm. Sampled trees of each block were randomly selected as much as 36 trees. Parameters of vegetative growth (additional new frond, total of frond, number of new bunch), production (number of bunch, fresh fruit bunch (TBS)), and average of bunch weigh (RBT) were observed and recorded every two weeks. Production of palm oil of each block was also recorded every harvesting schedule of Afdeling. Tabular data were analyzed descriptively by logical comparison among the blocks as result of application of bund terrace and silt pit. Although the data of sampled trees were erratic, bund terrace and silt pit generally increasing number of frond, number of bunch, average of bunch weight, and fresh fruit bunch. Bund terrace gived the highest production of TBS (25.2 t ha-1) compared to silt pit application (23.6 t ha-1), and it has better effect on TBS than block control (20.8 t ha-1). Aside from that, RBT is the highest (21 kg) at bund terrace block compared to silt pit block (20 kg) and control block (19 kg)

FEASIBILITY OF SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES ON OIL PALM PLANTATION

The objective of the study is to examine the effectiveness and feasibility of soil and water conservation techniques. The production of oil palm comprising the fresh fruit bunch, number of bunches, and average of bunch weight were recorded at every harvesting schedule. Tabular data were analyzed by logical comparison among the blocks as a result of application of bund terraces and silt-pit. Financial and sensi-tivity analysis of the effect of the techniques on FFB production were done. Bund terrace treatment was more effective (4.761 ton or 21.5%) in increasing FFB production than the silt-pit treatment (3.046 ton or 13.4%) when it is compared to that of the control block. The application of bund terraces and silt-pit also presents positive effects i.e. increases the average bunch weight and the number of bunch compared to that of the control. Furthermore, the financial analysis as well as sensitivity analysis shows that the bund terrace application is profitable and feasible (B/C = 3.06, IRR = 47%) while the silt pit treatment is profitable but not feasible