Analysis of Trends and Challenges of a Worldwide Solid Waste Management with Emphasis on Covid-19 Pandemic - A Review

Low collection coverage, lack of a safe and appropriate destination for all generated waste and pollution caused by inadequate waste disposal procedures are probably one of the most significant threats in the current decade (2021-2030). At the beginning of 2020, a new and unforeseen challenge emerged - the COVID-19 pandemic. This article provides a brief overview of the state of waste management in the world, identifying significant challenges that arose during the pandemic. As the situation changed daily in all regions of the world, many local authorities were obliged to react urgently and adjust the current way of waste management. People\u27s habits have changed and the mandatory wearing of protective masks has increased the daily amount of plastic waste worldwide by approximately 21 000+ tons. This represented an additional burden for already under capacitated waste management systems. Also, waste collected from households in many parts of the world had to be treated as medical waste due to the COVID-19 positive people. There was a drastic increase in the daily amount of generated medical waste due to this, which in some cases was up to 6 times higher than usual

Sustainable Waste Management and the Impact of the Tourism Sector on Environmental Pollution

Tourism is one of the most important economic activity in Croatia. At the same time tourism sector has a major impact on the environment, which is especially expressed through an increase in the amount of waste generated during the tourist season. Environmental pollution in tourist areas is a common problem due to the large number of people and due to the various activities. Inadequate disposal of waste from hotels and rest areas leads not only to environmental pollution but also to health problems related to pests and infectious diseases. The problem of sustainable waste management is a slight resistance and misunderstanding by entrepreneurs in tourism, due to the common popular opinion that the most important thing is to make a big profit. Environmental protection comes last, although there are many examples of corporate social responsibility and environmental investment in tourism. Such an example is the company Ilirija d.d. In the case study their business and their activities related to waste management were investigated. The goal of the paper is to analyze the amount of waste produced for one year and explore the extent to which Ilirija resort d.d. business is environmentally responsible. The aim is also to investigate the impact of the tourism sector on environmental pollution and the role of waste generated in the this sector in the ecological crisis. The quantities of waste produced in 2018 were monitored and analyzed throughout all twelve months compared to the number of overnight stays. The following data collection methods were used in this study: review of company documents, interviews, surveys and field observations. The results have shown that the increase in the number of tourists increases the amount of waste during the tourist season, as well as preparations for the new season. In conclusion, guidelines and proposed measures for waste reduction will be given

Sustainable Waste Management and the Impact of the Tourism Sector on Environmental Pollution

Tourism is one of the most important economic activity in Croatia. At the same time tourism sector has a major impact on the environment, which is especially expressed through an increase in the amount of waste generated during the tourist season. Environmental pollution in tourist areas is a common problem due to the large number of people and due to the various activities. Inadequate disposal of waste from hotels and rest areas leads not only to environmental pollution but also to health problems related to pests and infectious diseases. The problem of sustainable waste management is a slight resistance and misunderstanding by entrepreneurs in tourism, due to the common popular opinion that the most important thing is to make a big profit. Environmental protection comes last, although there are many examples of corporate social responsibility and environmental investment in tourism. Such an example is the company Ilirija d.d. In the case study their business and their activities related to waste management were investigated. The goal of the paper is to analyze the amount of waste produced for one year and explore the extent to which Ilirija resort d.d. business is environmentally responsible. The aim is also to investigate the impact of the tourism sector on environmental pollution and the role of waste generated in the this sector in the ecological crisis. The quantities of waste produced in 2018 were monitored and analyzed throughout all twelve months compared to the number of overnight stays. The following data collection methods were used in this study: review of company documents, interviews, surveys and field observations. The results have shown that the increase in the number of tourists increases the amount of waste during the tourist season, as well as preparations for the new season. In conclusion, guidelines and proposed measures for waste reduction will be given

Influence of Rotational Speed of Seed Plates on the Quality Seeding in Laboratory Operating Conditions

The simulation results of sunflower seeding in the laboratory with seed plates from 12 to 36 holes at working speeds from 4 to 10 km/h are presented. At a working speed of 6 km/h, the seed plate n = 12 with a rotational speed of 0.652 m/s achieved an average seeding spacing of 23.26 cm. At this rotational speed, the plate achieved a QFI of 89.15. The seed plate n = 36 with a rotational speed of 0.217 m/s achieved an average spacing of 21.76 cm with a QFI index of 98.45. At a working speed of 10 km/h, the seeding machine achieved an average spacing of 23.87 cm with a seed plate n = 12. The same seed plate achieved a rotational speed of 1.812 m/s. The seed plate n = 36 with a rotational speed of 0.602 m/s recorded an average spacing in the seeding simulation of 22.52 cm

“00” Oilseed Rape Cultivars in the Process of Drying

To provide production of biodiesel fuel agriculture is required to grow “00” oilseed rape cultivars. In continuous process of the fuel production, grown oilseed rape seed should be regularly dried and properly stored. Drying rate and drying quality of the seed depends on physical conditions of the atmosphere when drying, physical and chemical properties of the material used, and the thickness of the layer through which water is diff used in the regime of drying. The study has been carried out on three “00” oilseed rape cultivars during three years period. Mathematical models of drying have been made to enable mutual comparison among the cultivars. Among the cultivars tested no significant differences were found regarding drying during one-year period. However, significant differences were found when comparison was made within the years of examination

Water-food-energy-health: the importance of environmental sustainability in the circular economy

Water, food, and energy are considered necessary segments to achieve the sustainable development goals. Urbanization, population growth, international trade, economic development and climate change will significantly increase the need for these three segments, which is why it is necessary to focus on equal access to water, food and energy, while adhering to the principles of the circular economy. Water is used along the entire agri-food chain, while the generated energy is needed for the production, transport and distribution of food, as well as for the extraction, pumping, lifting, collection, transport, and treatment of water. Urbanization, industrial development, and the general population of citizens also require gradually more water, as well as land for food production and expansion, which entails the need for more and more energy resources. This results in environmental degradation and impairment of environmental sustainability, which leads to the scarcity of resources and impairment of the health of living organisms. Given the importance of the topic related to the knowledge of biowaste and its management, a survey was conducted to gain insight into whether the general population of citizens is aware that by throwing food, other resources represented in the "water-energy" chain also get wasted, which leads to the disturbance of ecological stability. As expected, the results showed that our society needs further education to be able to manage waste in a sustainable way

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FEED COSTS ON CATTLE, PIG AND POULTRY FARMS IN THE FADN SAMPLE

Uvođenjem Sustava poljoprivrednih knjigovodstvenih podataka (FADN) u Hrvatskoj 2013. godine stvoreni su uvjeti za sustavno praćenje prihoda i rashoda na reprezentativnom uzorku poljoprivrednih gospodarstava. U ovom radu korišteni su podaci za razdoblje od 2013. do 2015. godine, i to za sljedeće tipove gospodarstava: govedarska mliječna gospodarstva (tip MLI), ostala govedarska gospodarstva (tip GOV), svinjogojska gospodarstva (tip SVI) i peradarska gospodarstva (PER). Ustanovljene su statistički značajne razlike između tipova u prosječnim vrijednostima za većinu analiziranih pokazatelja. Prosječni troškovi hrane po uvjetnom grlu statistički se razlikuju i iznose od 5.566 HRK za tip SVI do 7.930 HRK za tip PER. Iako se prosječni udjel troškova hrane za domaće životinje u ukupnim troškovima razlikuje među tipovima gospodarstava, te razlike nisu statistički značajne. No, prosječni udjel vlastite hrane u troškovima hrane za domaće životinje značajno varira, i to od svega 10% (tip PER) do 83% (tip MLI). Troškovi hrane za domaće životinje po UG-u i udjel troškova hrane u ukupnim troškovima nisu korelirani s rezultatom poslovanja gospodarstva. Slaba negativna korelacija utvrđena je između udjela vlastite hrane u ukupnom trošku hrane za domaće životinje i ukupnih pokazatelja gospodarstva: broj UG-a, vrijednost proizvodnje i prodaje, ukupni troškovi i specifični troškovi (-0,277<r<-0,299).With the establishment of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) in 2013, the conditions for systematic monitoring of revenues and expenditures on a representative sample of agricultural holdings were created in Croatia. This paper uses data for the period 2013-2015 for the following types of farms: dairy farms (MLI), other cattle farms (GOV), pig farms (SVI) and poultry farms (PER). Statistically significant differences in means between the types are found for most or the analysed indicators. The average cost of feed per livestock unit varies from HRK 5,566 for type SVI up to HRK 7,930 for type PER. Although the average proportion of feed costs in total costs differs among types of farms, the differences are not statistically significant. However, the average share of own feed in the total costs of feed varies significantly, from only 10% (type PER) to 83% (type MLI). Feed costs for domestic animals per livestock unit (LU), as well as share of feed costs in total farm costs, are not found to be significantly correlated with the farm business performance. A weak negative correlation is found between the share of own feed in the total cost of feed, and the following farm business indicators: number of LU, total value of production, total value of sales, total costs and total specific farm costs (-0.277 <r <-0.299)