Relationship Between Sampling Distance and Carbon Dioxide Emission Under Oil Palm Plantation

A carbon dioxide emission on peatland under oil palm plantation was highly varied due to many factors involved. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of sampling distance from center of oil palm tree on Carbon dioxide flux, and  to study the factors that cause variability of carbon dioxide flux on peatland under oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted on peatland at Arang-Arang Village, Kumpek Ulu Sub-District, Muaro Jambi District, Jambi Province, on six-years old oil palm plantation.  The study was conducted in the form of observationalexploratory.  Emission measurements were performed on 5 selected oil palm trees at points within 100, 150, 200, 250,300, 350, and 400 cm from the center of trunk.  Carbon dioxide flux was measured using (IRGA), Li-COR 820.  The results showed that there was significant correlation between the distance of sampling from center of oil palm tree and Carbon dioxide flux.  The farther distance from the tree, the more decreased of Carbon dioxide flux . Before applying fertilizer, variability of soil fertility was not significantly correlated with the flux of Carbon dioxide, so the difference of Carbon dioxide flux based on distance sampling can be caused by root distribution factor.  After fertilizer application, variability of Carbon dioxide flux under the oil palm tree were not only affected by differences in root distribution but also greatly influenced by fertilization

The Effectiveness of Ameliorant to Increase Carbon Stock of Oilpalm and Rubber Plantation on Peatland

Application of peatland amelioration can improve soil quality, reduce GHG emissions, and increase carbon sequestration. The research aimed to study the effect of peatland amelioration on oil palm and rubber carbon stock improvement. Research was conducted from August 2013 until June 2014.  The researches on oil palm were done in Arang-arang Village, Kumpeh Subdistrict, Muaro Jambi District, and in Lubuk Ogong Village, Bandar Seikijang Sub-district, Pelalawan District. Both  sites are in Jambi and Riau Province. The research on rubber was done in Jabiren Village, Jabiren Raya Subdistrict, Pulang Pisau District, Central Kalimantan Province. The study used a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD), in four treatments and four replications. The treatments were pugam (peat fertilizer enriched by polyvalent cation), manure; empty fruit bunch compost, and control (no application). The measurement of C stock was performed 10 months after application using nondestructive methods. The results showed that peatland amelioration treatments  had no significant effect to improve C stock on oil palm in 6 years old and 7 years old of rubber. After 10 months of amelioration application, the treatments increased C - stock of oil palm and rubber were 2.1-2.4 Mg ha-1 and 5-11 Mg ha-1, respectively. Longer time observation may be needed to study the effect of ameliorant on C-stock of annual crops

Reclamation of Ex-Mining Land for Agricultural Extensification

Utilization of ex-mining land for agricultural extensification is an opportunity to solve the problem of food and environment. This paper discusses prospective utilization of ex-mining land for agricultural extensification. Mining area equipped with a business license for mining in Indonesia is around 2.2 million ha under Coal Concession Agreement, and 2.9 million ha under the Contract of Effort. A part of land is already finished being mined, and be managed properly in order to benefit the community and not damage the environment. The initial steps that need to be done is mapping of mined lands, included a status of ownership (land tenure), so that subsequent use of both for agriculture and other businesses can be sustainable. Land reclamation is necessary to increase capacity and efficiency for biomass production. Determination of land use types, should be based on land tenure, bio-physical conditions of land, and the needs of the community or local government. In the future, mining land management requirements is not enough simply by opening a feasibility study for mining operations, but need to be accompanied also with itsclosure plan (planning of closures), which includes environmental protection and mitigation of socio-economic problems. This needs to be one of the terms of the granting of mining permits

Peningkatan Produktivitas Tanah Melalui Sistem Agroforestri

. The low soil fertility and high toxic elements caused by high rainfall (>2,500 mm/year) is the main factor responsible for the low soil productivity in the humid tropical zone, like Indonesia. In this condition, agroforestry system is expected to be solution. There are three components of agroforestry: silviculture, agriculture and livestock. Agroforestry in Indonesian is called Wanatani that means planting trees in agricultural land. Trees have deep rooting and spread intensively in subsoil may reduce leaching nutrient both vertically and horizontally. Cover crop protected soil from erosion. This role makes agroforestry as one form of soil and water conservation practices, produced some products that have a high economic value. This situation allowed agroforestry as a system of sustainable land management

Soil Conditioner Formula Enriched by Humic Substance to Enhance Productivity of Ultisols Taman Bogo, Lampung

The objectives of this research are : (1) to find enrichment substance from various organic material to increase the effectiveness of the soil conditioner, (2) to study the effect of humic substance contained in organic matter on soil properties and crop productivity. Research preceded by humic substance extraction from various organic matter. Reseach was conducted at green house using Ultisols from Taman Bogo, Center of Lampung. The experimental design used a factorial with four replications, treatment that tested were factor I: some organic material: municipal waste compost, manure compost, coal and peat, whereas factor II: enrichment types: extracted (HLS) and no extracted. The results of the research showed that HLS (humic like substances) from peat contained the highest humic substances (humat and fulvic acid), whereas HLS from manure contained the lowest humic substance. Manure was better applied in the form of compost than HLS. Organic materials with a high C/N ratio and low nutrient content (i.e. coal, peat, municipal wastes), that was applied in HSL form did not effect plant growth and biomass production significantly

Soil Quality of the Land Under Coffee-Based Farming System (Case Study at Sumberjaya, West Lampung)

Forest conversion to coffee-based farming systems has raised concern among many stakeholders since it may create serious impact to the deterioration of forest functions, declining soil productivity in particular and land degradation in general. Study on the impact of forest conversion on changes of soil quality, and the role of coffee for soil quality recovery has been conducted at Bodong and Laksana Sub Village of Sumberjaya Village, West Lampung. In Laksana, the observed landuse consisted of young (< 3 years) coffee plantation, mature (> 10 years) coffee, mix farming (multistrata), caliandra and forest, while in Bodong are young and mature coffee plantations and forest. The soil quality parameters used in this experiment were soil organic matter status and soil physical properties. Changes of soil quality as affected by forest conversion to coffee farming depends on soil resistance (resilience to structural break down). Soils with low resistance are easier to degrade than those with high soil resistance. The mix (multistarata) system shows better impact on soil quality than monoculture system does