Что значит быть настоящим: молодежные культуры в поисках аутентичности

Способы концептуализации аутентичности (суб)культур менялись с течением времени. Под (суб)культурной аутентичностью/особостью долго понимали преимущественно радикальную стилистическую эксклюзивность — ирокезы и клепаные кожаные куртки сигнализировали о принадлежности к той или иной (суб)культуре. С развитием интернета и рынка (суб)культурные образы стали общедоступны для изучения и копирования, что обострило вопросы о том, кто является настоящим представителем (суб)культур, а кто — «позером», копией, подражателем. Некоторые (суб)культуры заплатили большую цену за внимание к себе со стороны мейнстрима: кооптация протеста, коммерциализация музыки и стиля, моральные паники в прессе, преследования со стороны властей, постоянная ротация новых участников. Для того чтобы выжить, некоторым (суб)культурам (например, панку) пришлось имитировать свою «смерть», другие (готы, эмо) оказались на грани исчезновения, но продолжают предпринимать попытки реанимировать свою культуру после мейнстримной интервенции. В данной статье рассматриваются способы (вос)производства аутентичности в молодежных (суб)культурах/солидарностях/сценах. Эмпирическую базу исследования составляют материалы двух этнографических кейс-стади: анархической солидарности и дарк-сцены. Оба исследования выполнены в качественной методологии (глубинные интервью, включенные наблюдения) в Санкт-Петербурге. Через призму нарративов молодых людей, идентифицирующих себя как анархистов, панков, готов, неформалов, антифашистов, рассматривается, что значит быть аутентичным (где пролегает граница между «настоящими» и «позерами») и как внешние факторы (такие как интернет и рынок) влияют на трансформации внутри молодежных (суб)культур

Сексуальный харассмент в контексте медицинских организаций: асимметрии власти, пересечения неравенств, приватизация опыта

This paper addresses cases of social situations that can be identified as sexual harassment in Russian healthcare. Drawing on the intersectional approach and some prerequisites of the sociology of professions, the article reveals several dimensions of power asymmetry in the context of medical professions and organizations, and analyzes their synergistic effects. In particular, it examines the symbolic inequalities of different medical professions, emphasizing their gendered character. The paper draws on mixed-method data consisting of 20 in-depth semi-structured interviews with nursing staff and 23 interviews with those medical professionals who agreed to share their experiences of sexual harassment. Additionally, results of an online survey (560 responses) on workplace interactions is drawn upon in the analysis. Focusing on the emotional experiences of the research participants, the paper demonstrates that some health professionals find themselves in a vulnerable position on multiple grounds: gender, specialization, position in the professional hierarchy, age (generation), and others. Some local features of Russian healthcare and specific organizational cultures further amplify the effects of structural inequalities, reproducing additional - and mostly informal - dimensions of power. Under such conditions, the experience of sexual harassment is most often silenced both in the organizational context and in the public, yet remains emotionally sensitive for the victims. The article analyzes effects such as the privatization of personal experience, which renders the issue of sexual harassment in medicine methodologically and epistemologically uninvestigable, and in practice - unsolvable

Multiple Vulnerabilities in Medical Settings: Invisible Suffering of Doctors

While there is a substantive amount of literature on vulnerability of different kinds of patients in different settings, medical professionals are usually considered as the ones who possess power and gain a privileged position. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that in a certain context physicians—a social group which is usually referred to as “powerful”—consider themselves vulnerable, and this positioning may influence patients in turn. This perspective highlights the complexity of interactions within medical organizations and contributes to the studies of sensitive topics and vulnerable groups. We conceptualize vulnerability of doctors and discuss what can be problematic in powerful doctors’ position. We describe some features of the post-Soviet context of Russian healthcare system and maternity care, both of which can be conceptualized as a hybrid of legacy of Soviet paternalism and new neoliberal reforms, managerialism and marketization. Empirical research is based on the ethnographic evidence from the study of a Russian perinatal center. In this article, we explore specific “existential” and “moral” vulnerabilities of medical professionals who routinely have to cope with multiple challenges, such as complicated clinical tasks, rigid control of different state bodies and emotional responses of suffering patients. We argue that there is a bond between the vulnerability of doctors and that of patients, whose position becomes more problematic as professionals become more vulnerable. At the end, we discuss methodological and theoretical implications of our research

Succeeding in Foreign Language Study: Teachers and Students Standpoints

The paper considers views of teachers and international students on effectiveness of language acquisition. The study represents the results of original experiment conducted among international students from the various institutes of Kazan Federal University. Students were requested to determine the priority of the following factors and explain the choice: a role of motivating anxiety for learning foreign language; a role of language abilities and talents of international student; a role of professional and personal characteristics of foreign language teacher; a role of methods, techniques and technologies of teaching; importance of studying within environment of a target language. Views of experts and international students on priority of impact of various factors of the foreign language teaching differed. The only factor where the opinions of teachers and students were the same, turned out to be the role of motivation. However, comparative analysis of factors of effectiveness in studying from the point of view of different and in the same time unified subjects of this process shows that the whole complex of factors must be taken into account. The results of the conducted study inevitably prove the necessity of considering the students’ opinion on the process of teaching, and corresponding correction of teachers’ activities