395 research outputs found
Illusive wide scope of universal quantifiers
It is widely believed that existential quantifiers can bring about the semantic effects of a scope which is wider than their actual syntactic scope (See Fodor & Sag (1982), Cresti (1995), Kratzer (1995), Reinhart (1995) and Winter (1995), among many others.) On the other hand, it is assumed that the syntactic scope of universal quantifiers can be determined unequivocally by the semantics. This paper shows that this second assumption is wrong; universal quantifiers can also bring about scope illusions, though in a very specific environment. In particular, we argue that in the environment of generic tense, universal quantifiers can show the semantic effects of a scope which is wider than the one that is actually realized at LF. Our argument has four steps. First, we show that in generic contexts, universal quantifiers escape standard “scope-islands” (Section 1). Second, we show how the effects of wide scope in generic contexts can be achieved without syntactic wide scope (Section 2.1). Third, we show that this result is actually forced on us, once we take seriously certain independent issues concerning the interpretation of generic tense (Sections 2.2 - 2.4). Finally, the semantics of generic tense and, in particular, its interaction with focus, will yield some intricate new predictions, which, as we show, are borne out (Sections 3 - 5)
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Economy, Scope and Semantic Interpretation -- Evidence from VP Ellipsis
Cost of Producing Beef with Different Types and Weights of Cattle
Currently, there is much interest in changing the U.S.D.A. grading standards. Some suggest that we completely eliminate the use of them. There are many reasons for this, but the major one is that many feel that the present system does not always correctly identify the most desirable carcasses. Many cattle now come to market at 15 to 18 months of age and are not marbled because of their youthfulness
Dipole Moment Dark Matter at the LHC
Monojet and monophoton final states with large missing transverse energy
() are important for dark matter (DM) searches at colliders. We
present analytic expressions for the differential cross sections for the
parton-level processes, and , for a neutral DM particle with a magnetic dipole moment
(MDM) or an electric dipole moment (EDM). We collectively call such DM
candidates dipole moment dark matter (DMDM). We also provide monojet cross
sections for scalar, vector and axial-vector interactions. We then use
ATLAS/CMS monojet data and CMS monophoton data to
constrain DMDM. We find that 7 TeV LHC bounds on the MDM DM-proton scattering
cross section are about six orders of magnitude weaker than on the conventional
spin-independent cross section.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures. Version to appear in PL
A System of Predicting the Feedlot Performance of Growing and Finishing Cattle
The CNES framework needs further generalization since it was developed using average frame size British breed cattle receiving a growth stimulant and fed in a thermal neutral environment. The objective of this paper is to generalize the CNES by using suitable adjustment factors to take into account alternative frame sizes, breeds, sexes and ages, varied body conditions due to previous nutritional treatment, the use of various growth stimulants and feed additives, the associative effects of feedstuffs and various environments. The physiological effects of these factors are estimated using results from a variety of experiments. Dry matter intake equations are described, as are equations to predict quality and yield grades
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