Liberal multiculturalism reconsidered

This article starts by setting out the evaluative criteria provided by Will Kymlicka's liberal account of individual freedom and equality. Kymlicka's theory of cultural minority rights is then analysed using these criteria and found to be defective in two respects. First, his assignment of different rights to national and ethnic groups is shown to be inegalitarian with regard to generations after the first. Second, his recommendation of strong cultural protections is shown in some circumstances to undermine freedom and equality. Towards the end of the article a policy of gradual and inclusive assimilation is described that may effectively promote the freedom and opportunities of members of cultural minorities. In conclusion, group-specific rights may, as Kymlicka says, be justified in liberal terms, but only where they differ in content from those he proposes

Low-momentum direct-photon measurement in Cu + Cu collisions at sNN =200 GeV

© 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article\u27s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP 3 . We measured direct photons for pT\u3c5GeV/c in minimum bias and 0%-40% most-central events at midrapidity for Cu+Cu collisions at sNN=200GeV. The e+e- contribution from quasireal direct virtual photons has been determined as an excess over the known hadronic contributions in the e+e- mass distribution. A clear enhancement of photons over the binary scaled p+p fit is observed for pT\u3c4GeV/c in Cu+Cu data. The pT spectra are consistent with the Au+Au data covering a similar number of participants. The inverse slopes of the exponential fits to the excess after subtraction of the p+p baseline are 285±53(stat)±57(syst)MeV/c and 333±72(stat)±45(syst)MeV/c for minimum bias and 0%-40% most-central events, respectively. The rapidity density, dN/dy, of photons demonstrates the same power law as a function of dNch/dη observed in Au+Au at the same collision energy

Pseudorapidity Dependence of Particle Production and Elliptic Flow in Asymmetric Nuclear Collisions of p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and He 3 +Au at sNN =200 GeV

© 2018 American Physical Society. Asymmetric nuclear collisions of p+Al, p+Au, d+Au, and He3+Au at sNN=200 GeV provide an excellent laboratory for understanding particle production, as well as exploring interactions among these particles after their initial creation in the collision. We present measurements of charged hadron production dNch/dη in all such collision systems over a broad pseudorapidity range and as a function of collision multiplicity. A simple wounded quark model is remarkably successful at describing the full data set. We also measure the elliptic flow v2 over a similarly broad pseudorapidity range. These measurements provide key constraints on models of particle emission and their translation into flow

Multiparticle azimuthal correlations for extracting event-by-event elliptic and triangular flow in Au + Au collisions at sNN =200 GeV

© 2019 American Physical Society. We present measurements of elliptic and triangular azimuthal anisotropy of charged particles detected at forward rapidity 1\u3c|η|\u3c3 in Au + Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV, as a function of centrality. The multiparticle cumulant technique is used to obtain the elliptic flow coefficients v2{2},v2{4},v2{6}, and v2{8}, and triangular flow coefficients v3{2} and v3{4}. Using the small-variance limit, we estimate the mean and variance of the event-by-event v2 distribution from v2{2} and v2{4}. In a complementary analysis, we also use a folding procedure to study the distributions of v2 and v3 directly, extracting both the mean and variance. Implications for initial geometrical fluctuations and their translation into the final-state momentum distributions are discussed

Production of π0 and η mesons in Cu+Au collisions at sNN =200 GeV

© 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article\u27s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP 3 . Production of π0 and η mesons has been measured at midrapidity in Cu+Au collisions at sNN=200GeV. Measurements were performed in π0(η)→γγ decay channel in the 1(2)-20GeV/c transverse momentum range. A strong suppression is observed for π0 and η meson production at high transverse momentum in central Cu+Au collisions relative to the p+p results scaled by the number of nucleon-nucleon collisions. In central collisions the suppression is similar to Au+Au with comparable nuclear overlap. The η/π0 ratio measured as a function of transverse momentum is consistent with mT-scaling parametrization down to pT=2GeV/c, its asymptotic value is constant and consistent with Au+Au and p+p and does not show any significant dependence on collision centrality. Similar results were obtained in hadron-hadron, hadron-nucleus, and nucleus-nucleus collisions as well as in e+e- collisions in a range of collision energies sNN=3-1800 GeV. This suggests that the quark-gluon-plasma medium produced in Cu+Cu collisions either does not affect the jet fragmentation into light mesons or it affects the π0 and η the same way

Lévy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in s NN =200 GeV Au+Au collisions

© 2018 American Physical Society. We present a detailed measurement of charged two-pion correlation functions in 0-30% centrality sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The data are well described by Bose-Einstein correlation functions stemming from Lévy-stable source distributions. Using a fine transverse momentum binning, we extract the correlation strength parameter λ, the Lévy index of stability α, and the Lévy length scale parameter R as a function of average transverse mass of the pair mT. We find that the positively and the negatively charged pion pairs yield consistent results, and their correlation functions are represented, within uncertainties, by the same Lévy-stable source functions. The λ(mT) measurements indicate a decrease of the strength of the correlations at low mT. The Lévy length scale parameter R(mT) decreases with increasing mT, following a hydrodynamically predicted type of scaling behavior. The values of the Lévy index of stability α are found to be significantly lower than the Gaussian case of α=2, but also significantly larger than the conjectured value that may characterize the critical point of a second-order quark-hadron phase transition

Measurement of emission-angle anisotropy via long-range angular correlations with high- pT hadrons in d+Au and p+p collisions at s NN =200 GeV

© 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. We present measurements of two-particle angular correlations between high-transverse-momentum (

Measurement of two-particle correlations with respect to second- and third-order event planes in Au + Au collisions at s NN =200 GeV

© 2019 authors. We present measurements of azimuthal correlations of charged hadron pairs in sNN=200 GeV Au+Au collisions for the trigger and associated particle transverse-momentum ranges of 14GeV/c) correlations is suppressed compared with that of correlations measured in p+p collisions. At the lowest associated particle pT(0.

Cross section and longitudinal single-spin asymmetry AL for forward W± →μ±ν production in polarized p+p collisions at s =510 GeV

© 2018 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. We have measured the cross section and single-spin asymmetries from forward W±→μ±ν production in longitudinally polarized p+p collisions at s=510 GeV using the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The cross sections are consistent with previous measurements at this collision energy, while the most forward and backward longitudinal single spin asymmetries provide new insights into the sea quark helicities in the proton. The charge of the W bosons provides a natural flavor separation of the participating partons

Beam Energy and Centrality Dependence of Direct-Photon Emission from Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions

© 2019 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. The PHENIX collaboration presents first measurements of low-momentum (0.45 GeV/c), but when results from different collision energies are compared, an additional sNN-dependent multiplicative factor is needed to describe the integrated-direct-photon yield