11 research outputs found
Alien and aboriginal flora of the Amur section of the Trans-Siberian Railway and its relationships with the characteristics of natural biomes
Trans-Siberian Railway, from the settlement of Yerofey Pavlovich to Kundur-Khabarovskiy railway station, with the total length of 1043 km (11 % of the TSR)explored. The study encompassed sixteen railway stations located in two biomes, including Amur-Zeya Boreal Taiga with variants southern taiga and subtaiga, and Zeya-Bureya Nemoral Broadleaved Forests and Forest-Steppe one
ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ: ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅
Background. The problem of bone defects replacement is relevant nowadays, that is why many scientists create new synthetic bone substitutes, but the ideal material has not been found so far.
The aims of the study: 1) to determine the suitability of the monocortical defect model in the rat femur diaphysis with additional prophylactic reinforcement with a bone plate for assessing the biological properties of implanted materials using the commercially available ChronOS material as an example; 2) to assess of the osteoconductive properties of composite materials based on poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with architecture Kelvin and gyroid types on the developed model.
Methods. A prospective study, level of evidence II. A monocortical defect of the rat femoral diaphysis (length 7 mm) was produced under anaesthesia in aseptic conditions and fixed with a polyetheretherketone plate and six titanium screws. In the control group, the defect was left empty. In other groups, blocks of one of three materials were implanted ΡhronOS and composites of poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with 3D-printed Kelvin and gyroid architectures. After 3 and 6 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and histological examination of the defect zone was performed. The amount of newly formed bone tissue was histometricly assessed, followed by statistical processing of the results.
Results. All rats have reached the planned endpoint, and there were no infectious complications or loss of fixation. Histological examination of the defect zone revealed minimal bone growth in the Control group, rather slow bone formation in the Gyroid group, and statistically significantly more pronounced bone formation in the pores of the materials in the Kelvin and Chronos groups.
Conclusions. Bone defect in this model was not spontaneously filled with bone tissue and allowed us to study the biological properties of bone substitutes (the ability to biodegrade and osteoconductive properties). The osteoconductive properties of a composite material based on poly(ethylene glycol)diacrylate and octacalcium phosphate with a Kelvin architecture are higher than with a gyroid architecture and are comparable to that of the ΡhronOS.ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ° Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½Π° Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ, ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ·Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ², ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» Π½Π΅ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΡ.
Π¦Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ: 1) ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π° Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡΡ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ Π°ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈ Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡhronOS; 2) ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠ·Π° Π±Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ 7 ΠΌΠΌ Π² Π΄Π»ΠΈΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π½Π°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π² Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΉΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎ 12 ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅ΠΉ Π² ΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ΄ΠΎΠΉ. Π Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ. Π£ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ Π₯ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π³ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ chronOS Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°, Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°, Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄. Π§Π΅ΡΠ΅Π· 3 ΠΈ 6 Π½Π΅Π΄. ΠΊΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ°. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ².
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. Π Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ³Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΠ»Π°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π·ΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ΅ ΠΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ, Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² Π² Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΠ°Ρ
ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΠΈ Π₯ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ Π·Π°ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² (ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°). ΠΡΡΠ΅ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ° Ρ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΠ΅Π»ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ Π°ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΠΏΠ° Π³ΠΈΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄, ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° ΡhronOS
ΠΠ½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π» ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ°
Together with the known pathogens of inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract in clinical practice are often found representatives of Streptococcus and Klebsiella, previously considered commensals of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract. The exchange of genetic information facilitates the transfer of virulence factors between strains not only within the species but also within the genus. In such cases, the acquisition of virulence genes by nonpathogenic species from representatives of pathogenic species contributes to the manifestation of previously not typical properties. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the virulence of opportunistic Streptococcus spp. and Klebsiella spp. in inflammatory processes of the respiratory tract and substantiate their etiological role in the development of the disease. We studied 220 strains of Streptococcus spp. and 97 strains of Klebsiella spp., isolated from patients with inflammatory processes in the respiratory tract and from healthy individuals. Strains of Streptococcus spp. were investigated for the presence of virulence genes: sagA, lmb, fapl, ply, lytA. Strains of Klebsiella spp. were examined for the presence of virulence genes: MrkD, magA, kfu. The phenotypic marker of lmb gene expression in Streptococcus and MrkD gene in Klebsiella was the indicator of adhesion of isolated strains to buccal epithelial cells. Expression of the fapl gene was evaluated in a phenotypic biofilm formation test. In individuals with upper respiratory tract inflammation, the most common types of strepto -cocci were: S. mitis, S. anginosus, and S. oralis. Strains of these species isolated from inflammatory processes in the upper respiratory tract had 2-4 times greater adhesiveness than strains isolated from healthy individuals. Phenotypic determination of the ability to biofilm formation showed that strains of Streptococcus containing the fapl gene formed a dense biofilm in contrast to strains without the fapl gene. K. oxytoca strains isolated from people with sinusitis had mrkd, magA, and kfu virulence genes that are characteristic of K. pneumoniae strains. In phenotypic tests, it was found that the value of the adhesion index in K. oxytoca strains isolated from patients is 4 times higher than in strains of this species isolated from healthy individuals. Thus, to confirm the etiological role of an opportunistic microorganism in the development of the infectious process, it is necessary to be guided by data on the genetic and phenotypic markers of virulence of the isolated strain.ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π²Π΅ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ Π²ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π», ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ°Π²ΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ. ΠΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π΅ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π» ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ 220 ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Streptococcus spp. ΠΈ 97 ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² Klebsiella spp., Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. Π‘ΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ sagA, lmb, fap1, ply, lytA. Π¨ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ Klebsiella spp. ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ MrkD, magA, kfu. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π° lmb Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π° MrkD Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅Π±ΡΠΈΠ΅Π»Π» ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ» ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Ρ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌ Π±ΡΠΊΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΡ. ΠΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ Π³Π΅Π½Π° fap1 ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π£ Π»ΠΈΡ Ρ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ²: S. mitis, S. anginosus, S. oralis. Π¨ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎΡΠΏΠ°Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π² Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΡΡ
Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΡΡΡ
, ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π»ΠΈ Π² 2-4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. Π€Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΊΠΊΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³Π΅Π½ fap1, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π±ΠΈΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΊΡ Π² ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ², Π½Π΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π³Π΅Π½Π° fap1. Π¨ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΡ K. oxytoca, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡ Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅ΠΉ Ρ Π³Π°ΠΉΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ MrkD, magA, kfu, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² K. pneumoniae. Π ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π°Π΄Π³Π΅Π·ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² K. oxytoca, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
, Π² 4 ΡΠ°Π·Π° Π²ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΡ. Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ-ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎ Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΠΏΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ°