Investigation of Campomanesia Components: A Fruit of Brazilian Cerrado

A survey of chemical composition of the fruit of Campomanesia adamantium used by rural and urban inhabitants of the cities of the Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) aiming at the detection of minerals. Fifteen minerals were detected in the peel, pulp, and seeds of plant. The concentrations of elements K, Ca, Na, and P are found to be present at the major level in peel, pulp, and seeds of fruit. The zinc concentration is very low compared to other detected elements. The levels of some chemical elements in the fruit do not exceed the limits established by international legislation. Animal studies should be performed. The knowledge of the chemical elements in plants has economic interest, and involves global health problem

In vitro and in vivo antioxidant activity of the pulp of Jatobá-do-cerrado

Abstract Oxygen metabolism in cells causes the production of free radicals, which produce damage, including changes in cell structure and function. Antioxidants are substances that, at low concentrations, slow down or prevent oxidation. Fruits and vegetables contribute to the dietary supply of these compounds. The flora of the Cerrado in Brazil has shown to have high levels of bioactive compounds. This study aimed to characterize the antioxidant activity of the pulp of jatobá-do-cerrado in vitro and in vivo.In vitro antioxidant activity of the aqueous, ethanol and aqueous acetone extracts was evaluated by the DPPH method. We determined total phenols by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay and tannins by the Folin-Denis method.In vivo antioxidant potential of the aqueous acetone extract was evaluated by the TBARS technique. The aqueous acetone extract had the highest antioxidant capacity, followed by the aqueous and ethanol extracts. The same pattern occurred in the extraction of phenols and in the extraction of tannins. In vivo administration of the aqueous acetone extract inhibited lipid peroxidation compared to the control group. The inhibition of peroxidation has increased by elevating the dosage concentration of the extracts, demonstrating a significant antioxidant potential in vivo as well as in vitro

<b>Adductor pollicis muscle: potential anthropometric parameter in hospitalized individuals

This study evaluated the measurement of adductor pollicis muscle thickness as a parameter for the assessment of nutritional status in patients admitted to a University Hospital in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State. This is a prospective cross-sectional study with 64 adults and elderly patients. We evaluated the percentage of weight loss based on the usual weight, arm circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, arm muscle circumference, laboratory parameters and measurement of adductor pollicis muscle thickness. The measurements were performed only once, in the first 72 hours of hospitalization. Data were analyzed using statistical software BioEstat 5.0, with a significance level of 0.05. The average thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle was 17.5 + 5.3 mm. We found a significant negative association of muscle with age. There was a significant association between the measure of muscle and parameters such as body mass index, arm circumference, arm muscle circumference, albumin and nutritional status assessed by physical examination. The adductor pollicis muscle allows easy measurement, direct assessment, fast results, low cost and good correlation with anthropometric parameters. However, further studies should be conducted to validate this new method

An Overview of Novel Dietary Supplements and Food Ingredients in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by interconnected factors related to metabolic disturbances, and is directly related to the occurrence of some diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. MetS is described as one or both of insulin resistance and visceral adiposity, considered the initial causes of abnormalities that include hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidemia, elevated inflammatory markers, and prothrombotic state, as well as polycystic ovarian syndrome in women. Other than in MetS, visceral adiposity and the pro-inflammatory state are also key in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is the most prevalent chronic liver disease in modern society. Both MetS and NAFLD are related to diet and lifestyle, and their treatment may be influenced by dietary pattern changes and the use of certain dietary supplements. This study aimed to review the role of food ingredients and supplements in the management of MetS and NAFLD specifically in human clinical trials. Moreover, bioactive compounds and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may be used as strategies for preventing the onset of and treatment of metabolic disorders, such as MetS and NAFLD, improving the inflammatory state and other comorbidities, such as obesity, dyslipidemias, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD)

First comprehensive study on total determination of nutritional elements in the fruit of the Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.): Brazilian cerrado plant

Introduction: Composition of fruits and leaves of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg commonly called guavira are used in dietary or as a mode of treatment of variety of ailments in indigenous and urban populations in the city of the Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. However, comprehensive studies on their mineral composition are scarce. Objective: In the present study, evaluation of mineral contents (Na, K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn, Ni, Mn, Co, Cu, Mo, Cr, Si and Al) from peel, pulp and seeds of guavira was carried out. Method: The peel, pulp and seeds of guavira were studied by ICP-OES with microwave digestion. The contents of the elements in the parts of the guavira, were compared to the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), values Adequate Intake (AI) and tolerable upper intake levels (ULs). Results: The results are considered in terms of the utility of the natural herbal medicaments as rich (Cu, P, Cr and Mo) or a source of minerals indispensable for proper functioning of the human organism. The concentration of elements in seeds, pulp and peel the guavira was compared with value of UL and does not cause toxicity. The concentration of elements K, Ca, Na, P are found present at the major level in peel, pulp and seeds of fruit. The contents of Chromium (Cr) were reportedly found higher than the permissible levels as recommended by the WHO. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge of the elemental constituents of several species of medicinal plants often poses human lives at risk, these elements can also be dangerous and toxic, and involves global health problem. The gaps in knowledge about the level of contents in the Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg was completed in this work. The data obtained would serve as a tool for deciding the dosage of prepared from this plant with medicinal and nutritional purposes. Keywords: Medicinal plants; Guavira; Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

Data on elemental composition of the medicinal plant Hymenaea martiana Hayne (Jatobá)

This data article provides elemental compositions profile, determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES), of the medicinal plant Hymeneaea martiana Hayne which belongs of the family Fabaceae (Leguminosae).It is a tree that demonstrates medicinal purposes as antioxidant, immunomodulatory (Boniface et al., 2017) [1], microbial, antiviral, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective (Almeida et al., 2012) [2] and antifungal (Souza et al., 2010) [3].The content of 13 elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S and Zn) in the barks, leaves, tea leaves and bark tea were detected. Data on the cataloging of the plant can be found in the deposit number 64779 of Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul herbarium, available in www.splink.org.br/form?lang=pt&collectioncode=CGMS. Keywords: Heavy metals, Elemental compositions of Hymenaea martiana Hayne, Medicinal plant monitorin

Therapeutic Potential of Brazilian Cerrado Campomanesia Species on Metabolic Dysfunctions

Obesity, in conjunction with other metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, is a feature of metabolic syndrome which is characterized by a pro-inflammatory state and increased oxidative stress. Therefore, antioxidant foods are proposed to prevent and treat these disorders. Medicinal plants are one of the main strategies in this regard. Guavira, a Brazilian Cerrado plant, contains different bioactive compounds with a high antioxidant capacity and without clinical or reproductive toxicity effects. Though there are different varieties of guavira, the principal Brazilian Cerrado guaviras demonstrated hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, and hypocholesterolemic actions. There is also a potential antiplatelet agent in C. xanthocarpa, while C. adamantium displayed hypocholesterolemic actions in animal models and human clinical trials. On the other hand, even with a lack of studies related to C. pubescens, it demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects and an antioxidant capacity in in vitro studies. Despite the fact that most of the studies were not performed to evaluate pathological conditions specific to obese animal models or obese subjects, guavira demonstrated effects in metabolic disorders that are commonly related to the obesity context, such as cardiovascular disturbances and hyperglycemia status. This suggests that guavira is a potential therapeutic approach to obesity-induced metabolic syndrome

Determination of Macro- and Microelements in the Inflorescences of Banana Tree Using ICP OES: Evaluation of the Daily Recommendations of Intake for Humans

The inflorescence of Musa paradisiaca, known as “banana heart” is a structure that includes flowers and bracts of banana, commonly used as food source worldwide. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the mineral components of Musa paradisiaca and (2) to compare the obtained results with previously reported data of Recommendation Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and edible plant permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. The samples were digested using microwave-assisted equipment, while elemental contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). Metal (Mg, Ca, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Zn) and nonmetal (S and P) contents were detected. According to RDA, the inflorescences could be excellent sources of Mg, P, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe for females, males, and pregnant women, all age 31–50 y, as well as children (4–8 y). Bracts are good source of Zn for male and pregnant women and good source of Fe for children. All the samples contained considerable amounts of Mg, Ca, P, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe, which were quite low to induce deleterious effects (UL). FAO/WHO limits for edible plants have not yet been established for S, P, Mg, and Ca, but Ni and Zn are below of those limit values. However, Cr and Cu concentrations are higher than the values established for edible plants and may pose a threat to human health. Farmers should be encouraged by government agencies, not only for sustainability of production but also to ensure the storage and trade of banana tree inflorescence