As adolescentes e a medida socioeducativa de internação : rompendo o silêncio

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Psicologia Escolar e do Desenvolvimento, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos de Desenvolvimento Humano e Saúde, 2015.O cotidiano das relações sociais e das normas institucionais vivenciado pelas adolescentes nas unidades de internação, ao longo do cumprimento de medida socioeducativa, constitui um tema ainda pouco investigado. A presente pesquisa aborda o tema da infração juvenil feminina a partir de uma perspectiva teórico-metodológica que integra o modelo sociocultural do desenvolvimento humano aos estudos de gênero. Os processos de desenvolvimento subjetivo das adolescentes que cumprem medida socioeducativa de internação constituem o objeto de investigação privilegiado neste estudo. O objetivo central do trabalho foi investigar como essas adolescentes significam o processo socioeducativo. Para tanto, adotou-se a metodologia da pesquisa-intervenção em que, por meio de uma oficina pedagógica denominada Oficina de Reflexão foram discutidos e problematizados diversos aspectos do processo socioeducativo. A intervenção foi realizada ao longo de dez encontros nos quais diferentes recursos simbólicos como músicas, textos e vídeos foram utilizados no intuito de evocar reflexões e narrativas que motivassem posicionamentos pessoais das adolescentes sobre as especificidades do atendimento socioeducativo. Participaram da Oficina de Reflexão a pesquisadora, uma auxiliar de pesquisa e 11 adolescentes do sexo feminino que à época cumpriam medida socioeducativa de internação. As sessões de intervenção foram gravadas em áudio e a análise qualitativa dos dados foi realizada à luz de quatro dimensões de análise, a saber: Promoção de Desenvolvimento ↔ Privação de Liberdade; O Olhar das Adolescentes Sobre a Instituição Socioeducativa ↔ O Olhar Institucional Sobre a Infração Juvenil Feminina; Interação Social ↔ Isolamento; Processos Reflexivos ↔ Reprodução do Discurso Institucional. As análises evidenciaram que as adolescentes em cumprimento de medidas socioeducativas lidam com dificuldades ainda mais complexas que os adolescentes porque, entre outras razões, o universo socioeducativo ainda é fortemente marcado por uma cultura masculina. Sendo assim, as assimetrias de gênero são sustentadas por crenças e valores sexistas que permeiam o atendimento socioeducativo. Elas se manifestam, sobretudo, por meio de atitudes de discriminação às adolescentes acauteladas. Desse modo, os resultados levam à compreensão de que as adolescentes se tornam objeto de um processo de exclusão social como parte de um contexto institucional que favorece a reprodução de normas patriarcais dominantes que contribuem para a invisibilização da infração juvenil feminina no contexto investigado.The social relations and institutional rules experienced on a daily basis by female adolescents fulfilling socio-educational measures in detention facilities is a topic not yet thoroughly investigated. This study addresses the issue of female juvenile delinquency from a theoretical and methodological perspective that integrates the socio-cultural model of human development to gender studies. The subjective development processes of adolescents fulfilling socio-educational measures of internment are the focus of this study, whose main goal was to investigate how these female adolescents signify the socio-educational process. The methodology used was intervention research in which, through a pedagogical workshop called Reflection Workshop, different aspects of the socio-educational process were discussed and called into question. The intervention was conducted over ten meetings in which different symbolic representations such as songs, texts and videos were used in order to evoke thoughts and narratives that would motivate the young girls to express their personal views on specific aspects of socialeducational assistance. Participants in the Reflection Workshop included the researcher, a research assistant and 11 female adolescents who at that time were fulfilling socioeducational measures of internment. The intervention sessions were audio-recorded and a qualitative data analysis was carried out in the light of four analysis dimensions, namely: Promotion of Development ↔ Deprivation of Freedom; The Young Girls’ Views on the Socio-educational Institution ↔ The Institutional View on Female Juvenile Delinquency; Social Interaction ↔ Isolation; Reflective Processes ↔ Reproduction of the Institutional Discourse. The analysis showed that female adolescents in fulfillment of educational measures face much more complex problems than male adolescents because, among other reasons, the socio-educational universe is still strongly dominated a male-oriented culture. Gender asymmetries are therefore supported by sexist beliefs and values that permeate all activities related to socioeducational assistance. They are expressed mainly through discriminatory behaviors against female adolescents under protective measure. Finally, the results lead to the realization that female adolescents become the subject of a process of social exclusion as part of an institutional context that favors the reproduction of a dominant patriarchal order that contributes to the invisibility of female juvenile delinquency in the context investigated

Non-Communicable Disease Clinical Practice Guidelines in Brazil: A Systematic Assessment of Methodological Quality and Transparency

Background Annually, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 million people worldwide, with low and middle-income countries accounting for three-quarters of these deaths. High-quality clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are fundamental to improving NCD management. The present study evaluated the methodological rigor and transparency of Brazilian CPGs that recommend pharmacological treatment for the most prevalent NCDs. Methods We conducted a systematic search for CPGs of the following NCDs: asthma, atrial fibrillation, benign prostatic hyperplasia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease and/or stable angina, dementia, depression, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, osteoarthritis, and osteoporosis. CPGs comprising pharmacological treatment recommendations were included. No language or year restrictions were applied. CPGs were excluded if they were merely for local use and referred to NCDs not listed above. CPG quality was independently assessed by two reviewers using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation instrument, version II (AGREE II). Main Findings "Scope and purpose" and "clarity and presentation" domains received the highest scores. Sixteen of 26 CPGs were classified as low quality, and none were classified as high overall quality. No CPG was recommended without modification (77% were not recommended at all). After 2009, 2 domain scores ("rigor of development" and "clarity and presentation") increased (61% and 73%, respectively). However, "rigor of development" was still rated <30%. Conclusion Brazilian healthcare professionals should be concerned with CPG quality for the treatment of selected NCDs. Features that undermined AGREE II scores included the lack of a multidisciplinary team for the development group, no consideration of patients' preferences, insufficient information regarding literature searches, lack of selection criteria, formulating recommendations, authors' conflict of interest disclosures, and funding body influence.Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Univ Sao Paulo, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharm, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Publ Hlth Practice, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, Dept Pharm, Univ Sao Paulo Hosp, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Environm Sci Chem & Pharmaceut, Dept Biol Sci, Sao Paulo, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, São Paulo, BrazilCNPq: 164700/2015-3Web of Scienc

AGRICULTURA URBANA: possibilidades de uma praxis espacial?

Este texto explora possíveis contribuições das práticas agrícolas urbanas como uma praxis espacial; as perspectivas de transformação da realidade, de enfrentamento da crise urbana e de formulação de políticas públicas que articulem questões urbanas e ambientais no contexto brasileiro. Para esta aproximação, parte-se de um referencial conceitual lastreado no conceito de produção e apropriação do espaço, de inspiração lefebvriana (Lefebvre, 1999; 1993), ao qual se articulam concepções de planejamento e regulação urbano-ambientais que oscilam entre preceitos originários da chamada economia política da urbanização, em especial associados à noção de reforma urbana, e aqueles que estimulam formas de apropriação do espaço e de práticas da vida cotidiana iluminadas por estratégias coletivas e iniciativas participativas

Cultura digital em página impressa: aceleração, fragmentação e mudanças na Folha Corrida

Journalism in digital age endure adaptation in aesthetics and content also in traditional media. This study observes Folha Corrida’s experience in Folha de S.Paulo newspaper, to demonstrate the effects of acceleration in and fragmentation of content. As results, we highlight that the editorial proposal reinforces these concepts, but there is contradiction in the affirmation that it brings news summaries from all the newspaper.El periodismo en la era digital pasa por adaptaciones estéticas y de contenido no solo en Internet, sino en los medios tradicionales. El artículo analiza estrategias de Folha Corrida, del periódico Folha de S.Paulo, para mostrar los efectos de la aceleración y fragmentación de contenidos. Al final, destaca que la propuesta editorial refuerza estos conceptos, pero hay una contradicción en la afirmación de traer resúmenes de noticias desde dentro del diario.O jornalismo na era digital sofre adaptações estéticas e de conteúdo não só na Internet, mas nos meios tradicionais. O artigo observa estratégias da Folha Corrida, do impresso Folha de S.Paulo, para mostrar efeitos da aceleração e fragmentação dos conteúdos. Ao final, destaca que a proposta editorial reforça esses conceitos, porém há contradição na afirmação de que traz resumos de notícias do interior do jornal

Thoughts on pedagogical techniques and environmental issues developed in a soap-making workshop targeting the teacher’s continuous formation

The present publication describes activities developed at a public school of primary and secondary education. Initially, soap-making workshops were held including moments of reflection about pedagogical practice, and a questionnaire was applied to evaluate the teacher´s perceptions about the activity. Teachers' responses were assessed using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The results were expressed as a percentage and measures of central tendency or position. Based on the issues that came up during the debates, we notice the need for continuous formation, because this gives teachers the possibility to improve their performance in the classroom and therefore enriching their knowledge. After the evaluation of the questionnaires, one can observe the enrichment of the teacher’s perceptions regarding environmental issues and how much this type of activity with students contributes to broadening their knowledge concerning social content and environmental values. These activities with high school teachers had a positive impact because they contributed to transformative teaching around environmental education

Training of pharmacy technicians for dispensing drugs in Primary Health Care

Few Brazilian articles discuss the importance of pharmacy technicians who offer direct assistance to patients. This paper describes an experience of the training of pharmacy technicians in drug dispensing. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in the primary healthcare setting. The technicians were trained by the pharmacist to advise patients at the time of drug dispensing and to screen cases that needed pharmaceutical consultation. Problems were identified by verifying the prescription and return date for dispensing the medication as well as through direct questioning of the patients. Flowcharts for problem identification and intervention were created for use by the technicians. After training, pharmacy technicians identified 3944 problems, the most common of which were the use of a lower dosage than that prescribed (26%) and non-adherence to pharmacological treatment. The findings of the present study demonstrate the importance of training pharmacy technicians with regard to dispensing drugs so that they can assist pharmacists in the process of identifying and solving drug-related problems, thereby making them active members of the care process in the public health system.São escassos artigos científicos brasileiros que discutam a importância do trabalho do técnico em farmácia em assistência direta ao paciente. Este trabalho descreve uma experiência de capacitação de técnicos de farmácia para dispensação de medicamentos. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado na atenção primária à saúde. Os técnicos foram capacitados pelo farmacêutico a orientar os pacientes no momento da dispensação e para triar casos que necessitavam atendimento farmacêutico. A identificação dos problemas foi feita por meio da observação da prescrição, data de retorno para dispensação ou do questionamento direto ao paciente. Foram elaborados fluxos de identificação de problemas e de intervenção, após os quais os técnicos identificaram 3.944 problemas, sendo os mais comuns: uso de medicamento em quantidade inferior à prescrita (26%) e não adesão ao tratamento farmacológico (25%). Os resultados demonstram a importância da capacitação dos técnicos na dispensação de medicamentos, fazendo deles um aliado do farmacêutico no processo de identificação e resolução de problemas relacionados a medicamentos, além de torná-los membros ativos do processo de cuidado no sistema de saúde pública.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Inst Ciencias Ambientais Quim & Farmaceut, R Prof Arthur Riedel 275, BR-09972270 Diadema, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Ciencias Farmaceut, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Sao Paulo, Fac Saude Publ, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilInstituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. R. Professor Arthur Riedel 275, Eldorado. 09972–270 Diadema SP BrasilWeb of Scienc

Creating site to disseminate information about medicines in the SUS: an experience report

The aim of this study was to report the process of a website creation that disseminates information on SUS drugs. First, topics for the website were selected based on problems in understanding the Pharmaceutical Service presented by healthcare providers and patients. Then these problems were discussed with pharmaceutical specialists to determine the topics and content to be included on the website. The topics were divided into two mains themes: information on the Pharmaceutical Service in SUS, and guidelines to promote the rational use of medicines. The website development report may serve as an example for other residency programs, and may contribute to the development of other residency theses that disseminate relevant information to patients and healthcare providers, promoting the integration of service, teaching, research and community

The Repercussion of Grief on Childhood in Situations Involving Violent Death

The death of a loved one can be felt intensely and painfully and, for children, it could generate strong reactions, anguish, and sadness during the grieving process. To analyze the expression of children's loss when facing the violent death of a close people with affective bonds with the child, the research was developed in a School Clinic of Psychology in the Tocantins, having as participants six (6) children with ages between 7 and 10 years old. The information from the interviews with the guardians, through ludic interviews and application of the BDS-IJ test with the children, were interpreted. The results suggest that the children's answers signal the way they have been feeling and where some items indicating areas encompassing mood, thinking, and the social sphere was repeated among the children. We conclude that children have difficulties understanding the period of loss and internalizing feelings related to it. It is important to emphasize that even though the mourning process is difficult, it does matter that the children express their feelings and fantasies, either by playing or through conversation, accompanied by family support to go through this disorganizing period more adequately. Keywords: Violence, Death, Grief, Children, Family. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-20-02 Publication date:October 31st 2021

How can nutritional additives modify ruminant nutrition?

This review illustrates the relationships between additives in the diets of ruminants and the consequence for ruminant nutrition. Feed additives are used to improve animal performance and/or the quality of the products. There are several categories of additives available for ruminant nutrition, with emphasis on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts, and exogenous enzymes. Antibiotics, essential oils, and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria, consequently modulating the ruminal fermentation pattern. Prebiotics favor microbial growth, providing greater digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Probiotics are living microorganisms that improve the ruminal environment, promoting microbial growth and resulting in increased digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms, besides favoring microbial adhesion and colonization and facilitating feed degradation. Tannins, whether altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population, are effective in improving animal performance. However, the effects of additives on the quality of the products are linked to diet quality. Highlights Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms. Exogenous enzymes favoring the microbial adhesion and colonization of the particles, aid in the degradation of the feed. Tannins can altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population. Essential oils and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria and consequently modulate the ruminal fermentation.This review illustrates the relationships between additives in the diets of ruminants and the consequence for ruminant nutrition. Feed additives are used to improve animal performance and/or the quality of the products. There are several categories of additives available for ruminant nutrition, with emphasis on antibiotics, prebiotics, probiotics, plant extracts, and exogenous enzymes. Antibiotics, essential oils, and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria, consequently modulating the ruminal fermentation pattern. Prebiotics favor microbial growth, providing greater digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Probiotics are living microorganisms that improve the ruminal environment, promoting microbial growth and resulting in increased digestion and the production of volatile fatty acids. Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms, besides favoring microbial adhesion and colonization and facilitating feed degradation. Tannins, whether altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population, are effective in improving animal performance. However, the effects of additives on the quality of the products are linked to diet quality. Highlights Exogenous enzymes act synergistically with the enzymes secreted by the ruminal microorganisms. Exogenous enzymes favoring the microbial adhesion and colonization of the particles, aid in the degradation of the feed. Tannins can altering the fermentation standard and/or modifying the ruminal microbiota population. Essential oils and chitosan act by selecting sensitive bacteria and consequently modulate the ruminal fermentation

Prevalência do defeito ósseo de desenvolvimento da mandíbula em exames de tomografi a computadorizada por feixe cônico

The developmental bone defect of the mandible is a bone cavity presenting as a well-defi ned, radiolucent lesion, located in the posterior region of the mandible, just below the inferior dental canal and above the mandibular base. It is asymptomatic, has a greater predilection for males, and a prevalence between 0.1% and 0.48%. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature on the prevalence of this bone defect and compare the literature data to that of an assessment conducted of routine cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans from a radiological clinic. The use of diagnostic resources such as cone-beam volumetric tomography was also highlighted. CBCT routine scans taken from July 1st, 2012 to September 27, 2012 were retrieved from the digital archives of a private dental radiology clinic and evaluated, for a total of 1,344 CBCT images. Stafne’s cavity was observed In 22 cases (0.16%). Among the 19 male cases, 15 were Type I, 3 were Type II and 1 was Type III, according to Ariji’s classifi cation.5 All of the 3 female cases (the male-to-female ratio was 6.33:1) were Ariji Type I. The fi ndings of this study were consistent with those from the literature consulted, in that the highest prevalence rates were observed for unilateral, Ariji Type I lesions and in the male gender.O defeito ósseo de desenvolvimento da mandíbula (DODM) é uma cavidade óssea que se apresenta como uma lesão radio lúcida de limites definidos e corticalizados. É assintomático, apresenta uma maior predileção pelo gênero masculino, e tem uma prevalência de 0.1% a 0.48%. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão de literatura com o intuito de ampliar o conhecimento a respeito da prevalência desse defeito ósseo e comparar os dados da literatura com os obtidos por meio de uma avaliação de 1344 exames de rotina realizados por meio da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) recuperados dos arquivos de uma clínica privada de radiologia odontológica. As imagens foram analisadas no período de 1o de julho de 2012 a 27 de setembro de 2012. Foram observados 22 casos de DODM (0,16%), sendo que 19 casos eram do gênero masculino, totalizando 15 casos do Tipo I, 3 casos do Tipo II e 1 caso do Tipo III de Ariji.5 Foram também encontrados 3 casos do gênero feminino, todos classificados como Tipo I de Ariji, equivalendo a uma proporção entre os gêneros masculino e feminino de 6,33:1. Os resultados encontrados no presente estudo foram compatíveis com os relatados na literatura consultada. Constatou-se uma maior prevalência de lesões unilaterais, Tipo I de Ariji e envolvendo o gênero masculino