Diagnóstico del sector artesanal y las particularidades regionales en Colombia, artesanías en barro de Chamba, filigrana y caña flecha.

14, 16 hojas : ilustraciones, fotografías.Artículo que presenta una interpretación analítica de la información de la línea de base acopiada mediante trabajo de campo en desarrollo de la construcción del Sistema de Información Estadístico de la Actividad Artesanal, SIEAA, de Artesanías de Colombia; análisis circunscrito a la observación de las tendencias expresadas en agrupaciones porcentuales de las variables relativas a la sociodemografía, ingresos económicos, oficios artesanales y aprendizaje, y asociatividad, en cuyos valores, además de dimensionar el ejercicio de observación y descripción de la investigación misma, dimensionan las condiciones que determinan la realidad operativa de los núcleos artesanales del corregimiento de la Chamba, del municipio del Guamo, departamento de Tolima; el municipio de Mompós del departamento de Bolívar y el municipio de Tuchín del departamento de Córdoba, que practican, respectivamente, los oficios de la alfarería, la orfebrería y joyería, y la tejeduría del sombrero vueltiao.Características Sociodemográficas -- Oficios y aprendizajes de oficios -- Asociatividad.Incluye exposición de los resultados del análisis en eventos de divulgación del Sistema de Información Estadístico de la Actividad Artesanal, SIEAA, en el contexto del proyecto de gestión del conocimiento.AlfareríaJoyeríaOrfebreríaTejedurí

COVID-19-Related Thrombotic and Bleeding Events in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease.

BACKGROUND Altered coagulation is a striking feature of COVID-19. Adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are prone to thromboembolic (TE) and bleeding complications. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for COVID-19 TE/bleeding complications in ACHD patients. METHODS COVID-19-positive ACHD patients were included between May 2020 and November 2021. TE events included ischemic cerebrovascular accident, systemic and pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and intracardiac thrombosis. Major bleeding included cases with hemoglobin drop >2 g/dl, involvement of critical sites, or fatal bleeding. Severe infection was defined as need for intensive care unit, endotracheal intubation, renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death. Patients with TE/bleeding were compared to those without events. Factors associated with TE/bleeding were determined using logistic regression. RESULTS Of 1,988 patients (age 32 [IQR: 25-42] years, 47% male, 59 ACHD centers), 30 (1.5%) had significant TE/bleeding: 12 TE events, 12 major bleeds, and 6 with both TE and bleeding. Patients with TE/bleeding had higher in-hospital mortality compared to the remainder cohort (33% vs 1.7%; P < 0.0001) and were in more advanced physiological stage (P = 0.032) and NYHA functional class (P = 0.01), had lower baseline oxygen saturation (P = 0.0001), and more frequently had a history of atrial arrhythmia (P < 0.0001), previous hospitalization for heart failure (P < 0.0007), and were more likely hospitalized for COVID-19 (P < 0.0001). By multivariable logistic regression, prior anticoagulation (OR: 4.92; 95% CI: 2-11.76; P = 0.0003), cardiac injury (OR: 5.34; 95% CI: 1.98-14.76; P = 0.0009), and severe COVID-19 (OR: 17.39; 95% CI: 6.67-45.32; P < 0.0001) were independently associated with increased risk of TE/bleeding complications. CONCLUSIONS ACHD patients with TE/bleeding during COVID-19 infection have a higher in-hospital mortality from the illness. Risk of coagulation disorders is related to severe COVID-19, cardiac injury during infection, and use of anticoagulants

Inhaled Treatments for Bronchial Asthma: Molecules and Devices

Inhaled treatments for asthma involve the use of medications that are delivered directly to the lungs through inhalation. There are three family types of inhaled medications: muscarinic antagonists and β2 agonists, which are bronchodilators, and inhaled corticosteroids, which are anti-inflammatory drugs. Each of them has short- and long-acting molecules and can be found in monotherapy, double-fixed and triple-fixed combinations. There are several types of inhalation devices available to deliver these medications and combinations: metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), dry powder inhalers (DPIs), and nebulizers. Each device has its advantages and disadvantages. MDIs are the most commonly used inhalation devices and require a proper inhalation technique to ensure the medication reaches the lungs. DPIs do not require coordination between inhalation and actuation and are easy to use but may not be suitable for all patients. Nebulizers are generally reserved for patients who have difficulty using MDIs or DPIs and will not be discussed in this article

The Incredible Adventure of Omalizumab

The basis of our current understanding of allergies begins with the discovery of IgE in the mid-1960s. The whole theory of the physiology and pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including rhinitis and asthma, dates from that period. Among the key regions of IgE identified were the FAB (fragment antigen binding) portion that has the ability to capture allergens, and the Cε3 domain, through which IgE binds to its membrane receptor. It was then postulated that blocking IgE at the level of the Cε3 domain would prevent it from binding to its receptor and thus set in motion the allergic cascade. This was the beginning of the development of omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody with an anti-IgE effect. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of allergic disease and trace the clinical development of omalizumab. We also review the benefits of omalizumab treatment that are apparently unrelated to allergies, such as its effect on immunity and bronchial remodeling

The Incredible Adventure of Omalizumab

The basis of our current understanding of allergies begins with the discovery of IgE in the mid-1960s. The whole theory of the physiology and pathophysiology of allergic diseases, including rhinitis and asthma, dates from that period. Among the key regions of IgE identified were the FAB (fragment antigen binding) portion that has the ability to capture allergens, and the Cε3 domain, through which IgE binds to its membrane receptor. It was then postulated that blocking IgE at the level of the Cε3 domain would prevent it from binding to its receptor and thus set in motion the allergic cascade. This was the beginning of the development of omalizumab, a monoclonal antibody with an anti-IgE effect. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of allergic disease and trace the clinical development of omalizumab. We also review the benefits of omalizumab treatment that are apparently unrelated to allergies, such as its effect on immunity and bronchial remodeling

Strong gamma-ray emission from neutron unbound states populated in ß-decay: Impact on (n,gamma) cross-section estimates

J. L. Taín et al. -- 6 pags., 7 figs., 1 tab. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0Total absorption gamma-ray spectroscopy is used to measure accurately the intensity of ¿ emission from neutron-unbound states populated in the ß-decay of delayed-neutron emitters. From the comparison of this intensity with the intensity of neutron emission one can deduce information on the (n,¿) cross section for unstable neutron-rich nuclei of interest in r process abundance calculations. A surprisingly large ¿ branching was observed for a number of isotopes. The results are compared with Hauser-Feshbach calculations and discussed.This work was supported by Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad under grants FPA2008-06419, FPA2010- 17142, FPA2011-24553, FPA2014-52823-C2-1-P, CPAN CSD- 2007-00042 (Ingenio2010) and the program Severo Ochoa (SEV-2014-0398). WG would like to thank the University of Valencia for support. This work was supported by the Academy of Finland under the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme 2012-2017 (Project No. 21350). Work supported by EPSRC(UK) and STFC(UK) and the UK National Measurement Office. Work supported by the European Commission under the FP7/EURATOM contract 605203. FGK acknowledges support from the U.S. Department of Energy, under contract number DEAC02- 06CH11357.Peer Reviewe

Global identification of peptidase specificity by multiplex substrate profiling

A simple and rapid multiplex substrate profiling method has been developed to reveal the substrate specificity of any endo- or exo-peptidase using LC-MS/MS sequencing. A physicochemically diverse library of peptides was generated by incorporating all combinations of neighbor and near-neighbor amino acid pairs into decapeptide sequences that are flanked by unique dipeptides at each terminus. Addition of a panel of evolutionarily diverse peptidases to a mixture of these tetradecapeptides generated prime and non-prime site information and substrate specificity matched or expanded upon previous substrate motifs. This method biochemically confirmed the activity of the klassevirus 3C gene responsible for polypeptide processing and allowed Granzyme B substrates to be ranked by enzymatic turnover efficiency using label-free quantitation of precursor ion abundance. Furthermore, the proteolytic secretions from a parasitic flatworm larvae and a pancreatic cancer cell line were deconvoluted in a subtractive strategy using class-specific peptidase inhibitors

COVID-19-Related Thrombotic and Bleeding Events in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Background: Altered coagulation is a striking feature of COVID-19. Adult patients with congenital heart disease (ACHD) are prone to thromboembolic (TE) and bleeding complications. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for COVID-19 TE/bleeding complications in ACHD patients. Methods: COVID-19-positive ACHD patients were included between May 2020 and November 2021. TE events included ischemic cerebrovascular accident, systemic and pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction, and intracardiac thrombosis. Major bleeding included cases with hemoglobin drop >2 g/dl, involvement of critical sites, or fatal bleeding. Severe infection was defined as need for intensive care unit, endotracheal intubation, renal replacement therapy, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or death. Patients with TE/bleeding were compared to those without events. Factors associated with TE/bleeding were determined using logistic regression. Results: Of 1,988 patients (age 32 [IQR: 25-42] years, 47% male, 59 ACHD centers), 30 (1.5%) had significant TE/bleeding: 12 TE events, 12 major bleeds, and 6 with both TE and bleeding. Patients with TE/bleeding had higher in-hospital mortality compared to the remainder cohort (33% vs 1.7%; P < 0.0001) and were in more advanced physiological stage (P = 0.032) and NYHA functional class (P = 0.01), had lower baseline oxygen saturation (P = 0.0001), and more frequently had a history of atrial arrhythmia (P < 0.0001), previous hospitalization for heart failure (P < 0.0007), and were more likely hospitalized for COVID-19 (P < 0.0001). By multivariable logistic regression, prior anticoagulation (OR: 4.92; 95% CI: 2-11.76; P = 0.0003), cardiac injury (OR: 5.34; 95% CI: 1.98-14.76; P = 0.0009), and severe COVID-19 (OR: 17.39; 95% CI: 6.67-45.32; P < 0.0001) were independently associated with increased risk of TE/bleeding complications. Conclusions: ACHD patients with TE/bleeding during COVID-19 infection have a higher in-hospital mortality from the illness. Risk of coagulation disorders is related to severe COVID-19, cardiac injury during infection, and use of anticoagulants

COVID-19 in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease.

BACKGROUND Adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) have been considered potentially high risk for novel coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) mortality or other complications. OBJECTIVES This study sought to define the impact of COVID-19 in adults with CHD and to identify risk factors associated with adverse outcomes. METHODS Adults (age 18 years or older) with CHD and with confirmed or clinically suspected COVID-19 were included from CHD centers worldwide. Data collection included anatomic diagnosis and subsequent interventions, comorbidities, medications, echocardiographic findings, presenting symptoms, course of illness, and outcomes. Predictors of death or severe infection were determined. RESULTS From 58 adult CHD centers, the study included 1,044 infected patients (age: 35.1 ± 13.0 years; range 18 to 86 years; 51% women), 87% of whom had laboratory-confirmed coronavirus infection. The cohort included 118 (11%) patients with single ventricle and/or Fontan physiology, 87 (8%) patients with cyanosis, and 73 (7%) patients with pulmonary hypertension. There were 24 COVID-related deaths (case/fatality: 2.3%; 95% confidence interval: 1.4% to 3.2%). Factors associated with death included male sex, diabetes, cyanosis, pulmonary hypertension, renal insufficiency, and previous hospital admission for heart failure. Worse physiological stage was associated with mortality (p = 0.001), whereas anatomic complexity or defect group were not. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 mortality in adults with CHD is commensurate with the general population. The most vulnerable patients are those with worse physiological stage, such as cyanosis and pulmonary hypertension, whereas anatomic complexity does not appear to predict infection severity