On annealed elliptic Green function estimates

We consider a random, uniformly elliptic coefficient field $a$ on the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^d$. The distribution $\langle \cdot \rangle$ of the coefficient field is assumed to be stationary. Delmotte and Deuschel showed that the gradient and second mixed derivative of the parabolic Green function $G(t,x,y)$ satisfy optimal annealed estimates which are $L^2$ resp. $L^1$ in probability, i.e. they obtained bounds on $\langle |\nabla_x G(t,x,y)|^2 \rangle^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\langle |\nabla_x \nabla_y G(t,x,y)| \rangle$, see T. Delmotte and J.-D. Deuschel: On estimating the derivatives of symmetric diffusions in stationary random environments, with applications to the $\nabla\phi$ interface model, Probab. Theory Relat. Fields 133 (2005), 358--390. In particular, the elliptic Green function $G(x,y)$ satisfies optimal annealed bounds. In a recent work, the authors extended these elliptic bounds to higher moments, i.e. $L^p$ in probability for all $p<\infty$, see D. Marahrens and F. Otto: {Annealed estimates on the Green function}, arXiv:1304.4408 (2013). In this note, we present a new argument that relies purely on elliptic theory to derive the elliptic estimates (see Proposition 1.2 below) for $\langle |\nabla_x G(x,y)|^2 \rangle^{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $\langle |\nabla_x \nabla_y G(x,y)| \rangle$.Comment: 15 page

Economic Impacts of Fall Commercial Nutrient Regulation

Concern that nutrient (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) runoff are seriously contributing to hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico has led some environmental groups to call for the banning of fall fertilizer applications; especially fall anhydrous ammonia. However, restricting fertilizer application to only the spring season has agronomic as well as economic implications for farmers in the Midwest.

The Economic Importance of the Iowa Dairy Industry

Abstract not currently available.

New Species Records for Wisconsin False Click Beetles (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae),

In Wisconsin, Microrhagus opacus, Euryptychus ulkei and Fornax bicolor are recorded for the first time. Records for these three species are based on nine specimens, most of which were taken since 2008. Two specimens of M. opacus taken from a Grant County Malaise trap in the late 1970’s as part of a statewide gypsy moth parasitoid recovery project, were previously identified as Microrhagus audax. Most of the specimens reported herein were taken late in the collecting season, primarily during August. A checklist of the 20 genera and 41 species of Wisconsin Eucnemidae is also included

Analysis of Energy Supply and Usage in the Iowa Economy

This report addresses the needs of state policymakers to understand the implications to the state’s economy from current levels of energy supply imports. Historical energy consumption patterns for the state and the role of energy in the performance of the Iowa economy are reviewed using current data. Economic modeling techniques are then used to analyze the linkages of these energy sectors, forward and backwards, with the rest of the economy. Information on the importance of energy to various economic activities and the share of energy expenditure that goes to in-state vs. out-of-state sources, including the energy distribution functions, is also provided. The objective of this report is to review the information on the quantities of energy consumed and dollars spent in Iowa and evaluate the share of these energy dollars that are leaving the state.

A Preliminary Investigation of School District Expenditures with Respect to School District Size in Iowa

This is a preliminary investigation into the relationships between public school district size and patterns in school district expenditures and revenues in Iowa.  The report uses Internet-accessible revenue and expenditure data to examine the relative importance of primary education to the Iowa’s budget and to local government budgets.  Data derived from the Certified Annual Report that each public school district files with the Iowa Department of Education are used to examine patterns of revenues and expenditures for all Iowa public school districts relative to school district sizes and state averages.  The analysis finds a reciprocal relationship between total district expenditures per student and district size.  Economy of scale is a substantial factor as district enrollments decline below 750 students.

Preliminary Market and Cost Analysis of a Five-Station Hemodialysis Facility in Marengo, Iowa

This report was commissioned by the Marengo Memorial Hospital to evaluate the market potential for a new kidney dialysis facility. Marengo Memorial Hospital is a rural hospital located in Marengo, a town of 2,535 people in north central Iowa County, Iowa (see the star in Map 1). In 2001, the hospital reported a capacity of 25 acute-care beds, 228 admissions, 8,485 inpatient admission days, and 8,750 outpatient visits. Marengo Memorial Hospital intends to add space in order to expand its wellness, health maintenance, and community programs. One of the options for use of this added space is a fivestation hemodialysis facility. Our primary goal is to determine whether there is enough current and anticipated demand for in-center hemodialysis services within the immediate area and surrounding region to support such a facility. Our secondary aim is to determine the utilization levels at which a five-station hemodialysis facility's operations can be self-financed. For the purposes of this report, it is assumed that suitable facility space will be included in hospital expansion, regardless of whether the space is utilized for dialysis operations. This report focuses on the potential market for and operational costs and revenues associated with the proposed dialysis facility.

Deriving Empirical Definitions of Spatial Labor Markets: The Roles of Competing Vs. Complementary Growth

If economic growth elsewhere raises the individual's earning prospects relative to those in the present location, then the individual will move. However, if the individual can exploit the economic growth elsewhere by commuting, he will not need to move to profit from the expansion. County-level data from eight states in the Midwest over the period 1969-1994 are used to show that local county population responds positively to own-county economic growth, economic growth in the adjacent county, and even economic growth two counties away. The magnitude of the effect decreases as distance from the county increases, and turns negative beyond a three county radius. Note: This paper has now been published in the Journal or Regional Science