Kartoffelanbau

Inhalt: Einleitung Sortenwahl Vorkeimung Bekämpfung der Kraut- und Knollenfäule Einsatz von Pflanzenstärkungsmitteln zur Bekämpfung von Rhizoctonia solani Nährstoffversorgung Ertrags- und Stärkeentwicklung bei Kartoffeln Fazit: In den letzten Jahren erfolgte durch die Witterungsverhältnisse oft eine extrem hohe Stärkeeinlagerung in die Kartoffelknollen, welche die festkochenden Eigenschaften mancher Sorten stark beeinträchtigten. Die Kontrolle der Stärkegehalte während der Vegetation soll daher eine feste Einrichtung in der Beratung werden. Für Schälbetriebe ist das von besonderer Wichtigkeit, da hier Grenzwerte für die Stärkegehalte vorgegeben werden. Die Erzeuger von Speisekartoffeln für Direktvermarktung und Handel müssen bei den entsprechenden Witterungsverhältnissen die Entscheidung zugunsten der Qualität oder eines höheren Ertrags treffen. Dies fällt oft nicht leicht, da der weitere Witterungsverlauf nicht vorhersehbar ist und, wie das Jahr 2002 zeigt, die Stärkeeinlagerung nach Erreichen des kritischen Wertes auch wieder absinken kann. Die geplanten regelmäßigen Kontrollen sollen hier bei der Entscheidungsfindung Hilfestellung geben

Spatially controlled cell adhesion on three-dimensional substrates

The microenvironment of cells in vivo is defined by spatiotemporal patterns of chemical and biophysical cues. Therefore, one important goal of tissue engineering is the generation of scaffolds with defined biofunctionalization in order to control processes like cell adhesion and differentiation. Mimicking extrinsic factors like integrin ligands presented by the extracellular matrix is one of the key elements to study cellular adhesion on biocompatible scaffolds. By using special thermoformable polymer films with anchored biomolecules micro structured scaffolds, e.g. curved and µ-patterned substrates, can be fabricated. Here, we present a novel strategy for the fabrication of µ-patterned scaffolds based on the “Substrate Modification and Replication by Thermoforming” (SMART) technology: The surface of a poly lactic acid membrane, having a low forming temperature of 60°C and being initially very cell attractive, was coated with a photopatterned layer of poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and hyaluronic acid (VAHyal) to gain spatial control over cell adhesion. Subsequently, this modified polymer membrane was thermoformed to create an array of spherical microcavities with diameters of 300 µm for 3D cell culture. Human hepatoma cells (HepG2) and mouse fibroblasts (L929) were used to demonstrate guided cell adhesion. HepG2 cells adhered and aggregated exclusively within these cavities without attaching to the passivated surfaces between the cavities. Also L929 cells adhering very strongly on the pristine substrate polymer were effectively patterned by the cell repellent properties of the hyaluronic acid based hydrogel. This is the first time cell adhesion was controlled by patterned functionalization of a polymeric substrate with UV curable PLL-VAHyal in thermoformed 3D microstructures

Thermal and plastic behavior of nanoglasses

The mechanical and thermal behavior of nanoglasses (NGs) were studied with a focus on the effect of the microstructure. The thermal expansion was measured to track changes in excess free volume during heating. It was found that the excess free volume, which is initially more dominant in the interphase region between the denser amorphous particles, is partially lost as well as redistributed during annealing. This relaxation during heating causes the nanoglass to behave like a melt-spun ribbon after heating while remaining amorphous. Nanomechanical tests were used to probe the local incipient plasticity and the influence of the interphase region. This interphase appears to affect the mechanical response of the NGs by inhibiting the propagation of shear bands and thus offers a novel approach for the introduction of plasticity in bulk metallic glasses. The results suggest that the NGs consist of two distinct amorphous phases with different glass transition temperatures

How to speed-up computing time of energy system models: Key findings from the BEAM-ME project

This paper provides results from the BEAM-ME project. The project was conducted by an interdisciplinary team of energy modelers, software developer, experts in high performance computing and operation research. One aim of the project was to develop a novel approach for distributed computing and application of energy system models to high performance computing. Further the project investigated conceptual speed-up methods. In this paper we provide an overview of the main lessons learned from the different approaches. It outlines difficulties that arise for modelers when applying energy system models based on linear programming on large scale distributed machines. Further it offers suggestions for modelers how speed-up of energy system models could be reached from a modelling perspective. The BEAM-Me project is funded by the German Ministry of Economic Affairs and Energy