Campus & alumni news

Boston University Medicine was published by the Boston University Medical Campus, and presented stories on events and topics of interest to members of the BU Medical Campus community. It followed the discontinued publication Centerscope as Boston University Medicine from 1991-2005, and was continued as Campus & Alumni News from 2006-2013 before returning to the title Boston University Medicine from 2014-present

Brane-Antibrane Systems on Calabi-Yau Spaces

We propose a correspondence between brane-antibrane systems and stable triples (E_1,E_2,T), where E_1,E_2 are holomorphic vector bundles and the tachyon T is a map between them. We demonstrate that, under the assumption of holomorphicity, the brane-antibrane field equations reduce to a set of vortex equations, which are equivalent to the mathematical notion of stability of the triple. We discuss some examples and show that the theory of stable triples suggests a new notion of BPS bound states and stability, and curious relations between brane-antibrane configurations and wrapped branes in higher dimensions.Comment: 25 pages, Late

Ahead of the Game: Middle and Upper Palaeolithic Hunting Behaviors in the Southern Caucasus

Over the past several decades a variety of models have been proposed to explain perceived behavioral and cognitive differences between Neanderthals and modern humans. A key element in many of these models and one often used as a proxy for behavioral modernity is the frequency and nature of hunting among Palaeolithic populations. Here new archaeological data from Ortvale Klde, a late Middleearly Upper Palaeolithic rockshelter in the Georgian Republic, are considered, and zooarchaeological methods are applied to the study of faunal acquisition patterns to test whether they changed significantly from the Middle to the Upper Palaeolithic. The analyses demonstrate that Neanderthals and modern humans practiced largely identical hunting tactics and that the two populations were equally and independently capable of acquiring and exploiting critical biogeographical information pertaining to resource availability and animal behavior. Like lithic technotypological traditions, hunting behaviors are poor proxies for major behavioral differences between Neanderthals and modern humans, a conclusion that has important implications for debates surrounding the MiddleUpper Palaeolithic transition and what features constitute modern behavior. The proposition is advanced that developments in the social realm of Upper Palaeolithic societies allowed the replacement of Neanderthals in the Caucasus with little temporal or spatial overlap and that this process was widespread beyond traditional topographic and biogeographical barriers to Neanderthal mobility.Anthropolog

The rise and fall of viticulture in the Late Antique Negev Highlands reconstructed from archaeobotanical and ceramic data.

The international scope of the Mediterranean wine trade in Late Antiquity raises important questions concerning sustainability in an ancient international economy and offers a valuable historical precedent to modern globalization. Such questions involve the role of intercontinental commerce in maintaining sustainable production within important supply regions and the vulnerability of peripheral regions believed to have been especially sensitive to environmental and political disturbances. We provide archaeobotanical evidence from trash mounds at three sites in the central Negev Desert, Israel, unraveling the rise and fall of viticulture over the second to eighth centuries of the common era (CE). Using quantitative ceramic data obtained in the same archaeological contexts, we further investigate connections between Negev viticulture and circum-Mediterranean trade. Our findings demonstrate interrelated growth in viticulture and involvement in Mediterranean trade reaching what appears to be a commercial scale in the fourth to mid-sixth centuries. Following a mid-sixth century peak, decline of this system is evident in the mid- to late sixth century, nearly a century before the Islamic conquest. These findings closely correspond with other archaeological evidence for social, economic, and urban growth in the fourth century and decline centered on the mid-sixth century. Contracting markets were a likely proximate cause for the decline; possible triggers include climate change, plague, and wider sociopolitical developments. In long-term historical perspective, the unprecedented commercial florescence of the Late Antique Negev appears to have been unsustainable, reverting to an age-old pattern of smaller-scale settlement and survival-subsistence strategies within a time frame of about two centuries

Enhancing Cloud Security via Polymorphic Infrastructure

Traditional cloud computing security relies on static infrastructure configurations. Such configurations are vulnerable to various threats. This disclosure describes polymorphic cloud computing techniques that leverage generative artificial intelligence to counter security threats by continually and intelligently modifying the underlying infrastructure of cloud workloads. By dynamically altering configurations, resource names, deployment parameters, and/or other infrastructural elements, a constantly shifting landscape is created that significantly hinders the ability of an adversary to maintain persistent access or predict the layout of the environment. The techniques substantially reduce the value of reconnaissance to an attacker, making a successful attack more difficult. The techniques enhance the security of cloud-based workloads, in particular sensitive workloads, reduce the risk of data breaches, and strengthen the cloud security posture of organizations. The techniques are generally applicable to cloud environments and can also be used in multi-cloud/ multi-provider environments and can be integrated with existing security solutions

Herramienta Excel para la gestión de mantenimiento preventivo

Este artículo presenta el plan de gestión de mantenimiento de la empresa EMPRECAL S.A.S, cuyo fin es tener clasificada, ordenada y disponible la información referente al área de mantenimiento y a su vez optimizar la flota de volquetas y maquinaria amarilla, teniendo en cuenta el compromiso en el servicio de la actividad minera y de transporte de material. Con la implementación de un plan de mantenimiento preventivo para la empresa EMPRECAL S.A.S (mina pedregosa) puede que resulte costoso a corto plazo, sin embargo, a lo largo de la vida útil de los activos se verán reflejados los beneficios en disponibilidad, mantenibilidad y economía en comparación con el mantenimiento correctivo al cual la empresa está acostumbrada

Bio-potential noise of dry printed electrodes: physiology versus the skin-electrode impedance

Objective. To explore noise characteristics and the effect physiological activity has on the link between impedance and noise. Approach. Dry-printed electrodes are emerging as a new and exciting technology for skin electro-physiology. Such electrode arrays offer many advantages including user convenience, quick placement, and high resolution. Here we analyze extensive electro-physiological data recorded from the arm and the face to study and quantify the noise of dry electrodes, and to characterize the link between noise and impedance. In particular, we studied the effect of the physiological state of the subject (e.g. rapid eye movement sleep) on noise. Main results. We show that baseline noise values extracted from dry electrodes in the arm are in agreement with the Nyquist equation. In the face, on the other hand, the measured noise values were higher than the values predicted by the Nyquist equation. In addition, we studied how different electrode properties affect performances, including electrode size, shape, and material properties. Significance. Altogether, the results presented here provide a basis for understanding dry electrode performances and substantiate their great potential in electro-physiological investigations

Virtual and Augmented Reality for Environmental Sustainability: A Systematic Review

In recent years, extended reality (XR) technology has seen a rise in use in environmental subjects, i.e., climate change or biodiversity loss, as a potential tool to inform and engage the public with current and future environmental issues. However, research on the potential of XR technology for environmental sustainability is still in the early stages, and there is no clear synthesis of the methods studied in this field. To provide a clearer view of existing approaches and research objectives, we systematically reviewed current literature dealing with XR use in environmental topics. Although the results indicate that the volume of literature exploring XR in environmental applications is increasing, empirical evidence of its impact is limited, hindering the possibility of presently drawing significant conclusions on its potential benefits. Based on our analyses, we identified thematic, theoretical, and methodological knowledge gaps and provide a guideline to aid future research in the field.Peer reviewe

Menthol Binding and Inhibition of a7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Menthol is a common compound in pharmaceutical and commercial products and a popular additive to cigarettes. The molecular targets of menthol remain poorly defined. In this study we show an effect of menthol on the α7 subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor function. Using a two-electrode voltage-clamp technique, menthol was found to reversibly inhibit α7-nACh receptors heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Inhibition by menthol was not dependent on the membrane potential and did not involve endogenous Ca2+-dependent Cl− channels, since menthol inhibition remained unchanged by intracellular injection of the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA and perfusion with Ca2+-free bathing solution containing Ba2+. Furthermore, increasing ACh concentrations did not reverse menthol inhibition and the specific binding of [125I] α-bungarotoxin was not attenuated by menthol. Studies of α7- nACh receptors endogenously expressed in neural cells demonstrate that menthol attenuates α7 mediated Ca2+ transients in the cell body and neurite. In conclusion, our results suggest that menthol inhibits α7-nACh receptors in a noncompetitive manner

Menthol Inhibits 5-HT 3

The effects of alcohol monoterpene menthol, a major active in-gredient of the peppermint plant, were tested on the function of human 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3 (5-HT3) receptors expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. 5-HT (1 mM)-evoked currents recorded by two-electrode voltage-clamp technique were reversibly inhibited bymenthol in a concentration-dependent (IC505 163mM)manner. The effects of menthol developed gradually, reaching a steady-state level within 10–15 minutes and did not involve G-proteins, since GTPgS activity remained unaltered and the effect of menthol was not sensitive to pertussis toxin pretreatment. The actions of menthol were not stereoselective as (2), (1), and racemic menthol inhibited 5-HT3 receptor–mediated currents to the same extent. Menthol inhibition was not altered by intracellular 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N9,N9-tetraacetic acid injections an