Optimizing the measurement of health‐related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with cancer

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163469/2/cncr33155.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/163469/1/cncr33155_am.pd

Positive Psychosocial Functioning in Later Life: Use of Meaning-Based Coping Strategies by Nursing Home Residents

This study examined factors associated with positive psychosocial functioning in 94 cognitively intact nursing home residents reporting poor physical health. It was hypothesized that greater use of meaning-based coping strategies would be associated with higher levels of positive psychosocial functioning. Participants completed an interview containing measures of coping, affect, psychological well-being, depression, and activities of daily living. Findings suggest that meaning-based coping variables (positive reappraisal, perceived uplifts) accounted for significant variance in positive psychosocial variables but not distress variables. In contrast, physical health variables accounted for significant variance in distress but not positive psychosocial variables. Results support the view that the absence of distress does not necessarily imply optimal mental health. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of mental health in older adults requires inclusion of indices of both positive and negative psychological and social functioning

A longitudinal investigation of coping strategies and quality of life among younger women with breast cancer

It is generally assumed that coping strategies impact quality of life (QOL). It is plausible that QOL determines use of coping strategies. This research examines coping strategies over time and the reciprocal relationship between coping strategies and QOL among younger women with breast cancer. Women with breast cancer (N = 267; mean age = 43 years) completed surveys within 6 months of diagnosis and 6 weeks and 6 months later. Surveys included questions on coping strategies, QOL, medical factors, and sociodemographics. Positive cognitive restructuring was the most frequently used strategy. Over time, use of seeking social support, spirituality, and wishful thinking declined, while detachment increased. Prior QOL predicted three subsequent coping strategies (seeking social support, keeping feelings to self, wishful thinking). Coping strategies were minimally related to subsequent QOL. Coping strategies and QOL are dynamic processes. QOL may predict coping strategies equally or more than vice versa

Yoga & Cancer Interventions: A Review of the Clinical Significance of Patient Reported Outcomes for Cancer Survivors

Limited research suggests yoga may be a viable gentle physical activity option with a variety of health-related quality of life, psychosocial and symptom management benefits. The purpose of this review was to determine the clinical significance of patient-reported outcomes from yoga interventions conducted with cancer survivors. A total of 25 published yoga intervention studies for cancer survivors from 2004–2011 had patient-reported outcomes, including quality of life, psychosocial or symptom measures. Thirteen of these studies met the necessary criteria to assess clinical significance. Clinical significance for each of the outcomes of interest was examined based on 1 standard error of the measurement, 0.5 standard deviation, and relative comparative effect sizes and their respective confidence intervals. This review describes in detail these patient-reported outcomes, how they were obtained, their relative clinical significance and implications for both clinical and research settings. Overall, clinically significant changes in patient-reported outcomes suggest that yoga interventions hold promise for improving cancer survivors' well-being. This research overview provides new directions for examining how clinical significance can provide a unique context for describing changes in patient-reported outcomes from yoga interventions. Researchers are encouraged to employ indices of clinical significance in the interpretation and discussion of results from yoga studies.Peer Reviewe

Prospective data from the Women's Health Initiative on depressive symptoms, stress, and inflammation.

This study examined the longitudinal association of depressive symptoms and stressful life events with inflammation in the Women's Health Initiative. Women aged 50 years and older ( N = 7477) completed questionnaires assessing depressive symptoms and stressful life events at baseline and 15 years later. Serum measures of C-reactive protein were collected at both assessments. In bivariate analyses, C-reactive protein predicted 15-year depressive symptoms and stressful life events ( ps < .03) and baseline depressive symptoms and stressful life events predicted later C-reactive protein ( ps < .03). These longitudinal relationships were not maintained in multivariate adjusted analyses. Combined with previous research, this suggests the relationship between depression, stressful life events and inflammation attenuates with time