Effectiveness and safety of in vitro maturation of oocytes versus in vitro fertilisation in women with high antral follicle count : Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

This work was supported by Ferring grant number 000323 and sponsored by My Duc Hospital.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The impact of albendazole treatment on the incidence of viral- and bacterial-induced diarrhea in school children in southern Vietnam: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Anthelmintics are one of the more commonly available classes of drugs to treat infections by parasitic helminths (especially nematodes) in the human intestinal tract. As a result of their cost-effectiveness, mass school-based deworming programs are becoming routine practice in developing countries. However, experimental and clinical evidence suggests that anthelmintic treatments may increase susceptibility to other gastrointestinal infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or protozoa. Hypothesizing that anthelmintics may increase diarrheal infections in treated children, we aim to evaluate the impact of anthelmintics on the incidence of diarrheal disease caused by viral and bacterial pathogens in school children in southern Vietnam.This is a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effects of albendazole treatment versus placebo on the incidence of viral- and bacterial-induced diarrhea in 350 helminth-infected and 350 helminth-uninfected Vietnamese school children aged 6-15 years. Four hundred milligrams of albendazole, or placebo treatment will be administered once every 3 months for 12 months. At the end of 12 months, all participants will receive albendazole treatment. The primary endpoint of this study is the incidence of diarrheal disease assessed by 12 months of weekly active and passive case surveillance. Secondary endpoints include the prevalence and intensities of helminth, viral, and bacterial infections, alterations in host immunity and the gut microbiota with helminth and pathogen clearance, changes in mean z scores of body weight indices over time, and the number and severity of adverse events.In order to reduce helminth burdens, anthelmintics are being routinely administered to children in developing countries. However, the effects of anthelmintic treatment on susceptibility to other diseases, including diarrheal pathogens, remain unknown. It is important to monitor for unintended consequences of drug treatments in co-infected populations. In this trial, we will examine how anthelmintic treatment impacts host susceptibility to diarrheal infections, with the aim of informing deworming programs of any indirect effects of mass anthelmintic administrations on co-infecting enteric pathogens.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02597556 . Registered on 3 November 2015

Use of Oral Cholera Vaccines in an Outbreak in Vietnam: A Case Control Study

Simple measures such as adequate sanitation and clean water stops the spread of cholera; however, in areas where these are not available, cholera spreads quickly and may lead to death in a few hours if treatment is not initiated immediately. The use of life-saving rehydration therapy is the mainstay in cholera control, however, the rapidity of the disease and the limited access to appropriate healthcare units in far-flung areas together result in an unacceptable number of deaths. The WHO has recommended the use of oral cholera vaccines as a preventive measure against cholera outbreaks since 2001, but this was recently updated so that vaccine use may also be considered once a cholera outbreak has begun. The findings from this study suggest that reactive use of killed oral cholera vaccines provides protection against the disease and may be a potential tool in times of outbreaks. Further studies must be conducted to confirm these findings

Early Pandemic Influenza (2009 H1N1) in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam: A Clinical Virological and Epidemiological Analysis

Rogier van Doorn and colleagues analyze the initial outbreak, attempts at containment, and establishment of community transmission of pandemic H1N1 influenza in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Socializing One Health: an innovative strategy to investigate social and behavioral risks of emerging viral threats

In an effort to strengthen global capacity to prevent, detect, and control infectious diseases in animals and people, the United States Agency for International Development’s (USAID) Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT) PREDICT project funded development of regional, national, and local One Health capacities for early disease detection, rapid response, disease control, and risk reduction. From the outset, the EPT approach was inclusive of social science research methods designed to understand the contexts and behaviors of communities living and working at human-animal-environment interfaces considered high-risk for virus emergence. Using qualitative and quantitative approaches, PREDICT behavioral research aimed to identify and assess a range of socio-cultural behaviors that could be influential in zoonotic disease emergence, amplification, and transmission. This broad approach to behavioral risk characterization enabled us to identify and characterize human activities that could be linked to the transmission dynamics of new and emerging viruses. This paper provides a discussion of implementation of a social science approach within a zoonotic surveillance framework. We conducted in-depth ethnographic interviews and focus groups to better understand the individual- and community-level knowledge, attitudes, and practices that potentially put participants at risk for zoonotic disease transmission from the animals they live and work with, across 6 interface domains. When we asked highly-exposed individuals (ie. bushmeat hunters, wildlife or guano farmers) about the risk they perceived in their occupational activities, most did not perceive it to be risky, whether because it was normalized by years (or generations) of doing such an activity, or due to lack of information about potential risks. Integrating the social sciences allows investigations of the specific human activities that are hypothesized to drive disease emergence, amplification, and transmission, in order to better substantiate behavioral disease drivers, along with the social dimensions of infection and transmission dynamics. Understanding these dynamics is critical to achieving health security--the protection from threats to health-- which requires investments in both collective and individual health security. Involving behavioral sciences into zoonotic disease surveillance allowed us to push toward fuller community integration and engagement and toward dialogue and implementation of recommendations for disease prevention and improved health security

Coefficients de couplage relatifs à la structure fine de rotation-vibration des molécules tétraédriques

Very accurate experimental results (IR-MW double resonance) obtained or expected require a detailed knowledge of the rotational energy of tetrahedral molecules like methane. Tetrahedral rovibrational fine-structure splittings are functions of special coupling-coefficients F(6 jj)A 1pp' and F(8 jj )A1pp wich are tabulated.Les résultats expérimentaux très précis récemment obtenus (par double résonance), ou attendus, nécessitent une étude détaillée du niveau de base des molécules tétraédriques (méthane). L'éclatement tétraédrique des niveaux dépend des coefficients de couplage adaptés à Td qui sont tabulés (F(8 jj)A 1pp et F(6 jj )A1pp')

Analyse rotationnelle de la bande ν3 de 12CH 4 de 2 884 a 3 141 cm-1

The threefold degenerate absorption band ν3 of 12CH 4, recently recorded at high resolution in our laboratory, has been analysed up to fourth order of approximation by least squares techniques. 230 lines have been identified in a region between 2 884 to 3 141 cm -1 (from P 13 to R 12). The 15 spectroscopic constants involved in this analysis have been determined by considering about 141 lines, 81 % of which are reproduced to better than 10-2 cm-1, and 61 % to better than 5 x 10- 3 cm -1.On utilise une méthode itérative de moindres carrés avec amortissement pour effectuer l'analyse rotationnelle, au quatrième ordre d'approximation, de la bande triplement dégénérée ν3 de 12CH 4, grâce à un spectre à très haute résolution enregistré récemment dans notre laboratoire. Dans la région de 2 884 à 3 141 cm-1 on identifie 230 raies de vibration-rotation (de P 13 à R 12). On détermine les valeurs de 15 constantes spectrales telles que 81 % des 141 transitions participant au calcul soient reproduites avec une erreur inférieure à 10-2 cm-1, et 61 % avec une erreur inférieure à 5 × 10-3 cm-1