51 research outputs found
Non-host status of commercial export grade lemon fruit (Citrus limon (L.) Burman f. cv. Eureka) for ceratitis capitata, ceratitis rosa, ceratitis quilicii and bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in South Africa
Markets importing citrus fruit including lemons, Citrus limon (L.) Burman f., from South
Africa require that the fruit be free of fruit fly pests (Diptera: Tephritidae). Historically there
has been no fruit fly infestation recorded on lemons destined for export from SouthAfrica. In
this study, we assessed the host status of commercial export grade Eureka lemons, Citrus
limon (L.) Burmanf. cv. Eureka, for four fruit fly pest species of economic importance in South
Africa: Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Ceratitis rosa Karsch, Ceratitis quilicii De Meyer,
Mwatawala & Virgilio, and Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Trapping was conducted in 10
Eureka lemon orchards in two major citrus production regions over two citrus seasons
between 2016 and 2017 to determine the level of fruit fly abundance in the sampled orchards.
Lemons were collected at harvest over the two seasons in the same orchards where trapping
was conducted. Fruit fly infestation of the sampled lemons was determined by dissection.
Additionally, infestation of lemons was determined under forced exposure to mature mated
females of C. capitata and B. dorsalis. Trapping data showed the presence of adults of all four
fruit fly species in the sampled lemon orchards.Nofruit fly infestation was detected in 43 222
Eureka lemons sampled at harvest. There was also no infestation of lemons under forced
exposure conditions. The results of this study provide evidence with 99.99 % efficacy and a
99%confidence level that SouthAfrican commercial export grade Eureka lemon fruit is not a
host for C. capitata, C. rosa, C. quilicii or B. dorsalis.http://www.journals.co.za/content/journal/entohttp://www.bioone.org/loi/afen2020-03-01am2018Zoology and Entomolog
Additions to the bird list of the Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Additions to the bird list of the Golden Gate Highlands National Par
A survey of Ceratitis quinaria (Bezzi) (Diptera: tephritidae) in citrus production areas in South Africa
The five-spotted fruit fly, Ceratitis quinaria (Bezzi) (Diptera: Tephritidae), is distributed in
parts of eastern and western Africa, northern Africa and southern Africa (including South
Africa). The species also occurs outside of Africa, in Yemen. The host range of C. quinaria is
narrow, with Mangifera indica L. being the main host of commercial importance. Ceratitis
quinaria was claimed to be associated with citrus in Sudan although this claim was never
substantiated and there has never been any confirmed reared record of C. quinaria on citrus
despite numerous surveys of citrus across Africa. In order to verify the type of association
that C. quinaria has with citrus, field surveys were carried out in South Africa to determine
the distribution and seasonal occurrence of C. quinaria in commercial citrus orchards and the
possible natural infestation of citrus by this species. Surveys on distribution of C. quinaria
across South Africa were carried out in 1999 and 2000 by trapping with Ceratitislure (containing protein hydrolysate and β-caryophyllene). The seasonal occurrence of C. quinaria in the
northern areas of South Africa was determined over two years between 2015 and 2017 by
trapping with Enriched Ginger Oil (EGO), a male lure containing α-copaene. In the same
trapping period, citrus and other fruit were sampled to determine infestation by C. quinaria.
Additionally between 2009 and 2018, citrus fruit was sampled from the trees and ground in
other commercial and non-commercial areas in the north of South Africa. All fruit samples
collected were incubated for at least five weeks to allow rearing of flies to the pupal and adult
stages. Trapping surveys conducted between 1999 and 2000 showed the presence of
C. quinaria only in the northern areas of South Africa. Catches of C. quinaria males in
EGO-baited traps were low in commercial citrus orchards (peak of catches being lower than
0.05 flies/trap/day). Catches ofC. quinaria were mainly recorded outside of the citrus ripening
period. No C. quinaria was reared from any of the citrus fruit sampled, even in those areas
where the presence of the species was demonstrated by catches in EGO-baited traps. The
fruit surveys therefore demonstrated the absence of natural infestation of citrus with
C. quinaria in South Africa and supported existing biological information that citrus is not a
host for C. quinaria.Citrus Research International, Agricultural Research Council-Tropical & Subtropical Crops and the Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria.https://journals.co.za/content/journal/ento2022-03-01pm2021Mammal Research InstituteZoology and Entomolog
An integrated diagnostic setup for the morphological and molecular identification of the Ceratitis
Antiparasitic activity of some xanthones and biflavonoids from the root bark of **Garcinia livingstonei**
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