Vibrational Energy Transfer in Ortho and Para NH3

An experimental study of vibrational energy transfer in ortho and para NH3(v2) is presented. The vibrational relaxation rates are necessary to characterize mid-IR pulsed and cw NH3 lasers, and the interpretation of these rates is of theoretical importance. Accurate information on the (V-T) process in NH3/N2 mixtures and the (V-V) energy transfer between ortho and para 15NH3 and 14NH3 is now available. First, NH 3 linestrengths and linewidths were accurately measured with a tunable diode laser (TDL) so that ammonia concentrations could be calculated from TDL scans. The energy transfer mechanisms were studied by exciting the v2 vibration of NH3 with a Q-switched cO2 laser and probing the subsequent changes in population with a TDL. A difference in v 2 lifetimes was observed between ortho and para NH3 transitions, and is explained by a (V-V) transfer of energy between the NH3 species. An isolated ortho 15NH3 absorption line was pumped and vibrational transfer of energy was observed to ortho and para 14NH3 and 15NH3. ThesisMaster of Science (MSc

An innovative corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist breath-triggered inhaler : facilitating lung delivery of fluticasone propionate/formoterol fumarate for the treatment of asthma

OS Usmani and/or his department has received research grants, unrestricted educational grants, and/or fees for lectures and advisory board meetings from Aerocrine, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, Edmond Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, Napp, Mundipharma International, Prosonix, Sandoz, Takeda, Zentiva. N Roche reports grants and personal fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer and personal feed from Teva, GlaxoSmithKline, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, Mundipharma, Cipla, Sanofi, Sandoz, 3M, Trudell, Zambon. J Marshall and H Danagher report being an employee of Mundibiopharma Ltd., at the time of writing. D Price is a board member with Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Circassia, Mylan, Mundipharma Ltd., Napp, Novartis, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals; consultancy agreements with Amgen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Mylan, Mundipharma Ltd., Napp, Novartis, Pfizer, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Threvance; grants and unrestricted funding for investigator-initiated studies (conducted through Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd.) from AKL Research and Development Ltd., AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, British Lung Foundation, Chiesi, Circassia, Mylan, Mundipharma Ltd., Napp, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Respiratory Effectiveness Group, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Theravance, UK National Health Service, Zentiva (Sanofi Generics); payment for lectures/speaking engagements from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, GlaxoSmithKline, Kyorin, Mylan, Merck, Munipharma Ltd., Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi Genzyme, Teva Pharmaceuticals; payment for manuscript preparation from Mundipharma Ltd., Teva Pharmaceuticals; payment for the development of educational materials from Mundipharma, Novartis; payment for travel/accommodation/meeting expenses from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Circassia, Mundipharma Ltd., Napp, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceuticals; funding for patient enrollment or completion of research from Chiesi, Novartis, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Zentiva (Sanofi Generics); stock/stock options from AKL Research and Development Ltd, which produces phytopharmaceuticals; owns 74% of the social enterprise Optimum Patient Care Ltd (Australia and UK) and 74% of Observational and Pragmatic Research Institute Pte Ltd (Singapore); and is a peer reviewer for grant committees of the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation program, and Health Technology Assessment.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Strict liability and the mens rea of cartel crime

This article argues against the current strict liability approach of the cartel offence by presenting a case for the introduction of a mens rea of cartel crime. The cartel offence is presented as a serious and normatively stigmatic crime which requires a mens rea if fair criminalisation is to occur. A mens rea of intention is presented as the ideal candidate and the applicability of intention is explored. The issue of omission in the cartel context is also addressed and this in turn leads to a call for the creation of a new offence of failing to report cartel activity to the competition authority

On reforming the mental element of the cartel offence

This article assesses the mental element of the Irish cartel offence and argues that a mens rea of intention is required if the offence is to function properly. It is argued that the current strict liability regime governing the cartel offence is unjustified and sacrifices too many non-consequentalist concerns in favour of dubious claims of fostering greater deterrence. After highlighting the application of both direct and oblique intention, the article argues against inferring a mens rea into the cartel offence. Rather, a redrafting of the cartel offence is called for