Highly Active 3D-Nanoarray-Supported Oxygen-Evolving Electrode Generated From Cobalt-Phytate Nanoplates

We develop a 3D nanowires-array-support/active cobalt plating to grow cobalt-phytate nanoplates (3D-NA/Co/CoNPAs) as an advanced oxygen-evolving electrode. The constructed structure exhibits greatly enhanced catalytic activity (η_{j=10 mA cm^–2} = 265 mV) and good stability (current retention >94% after electrolysis of 6 h). Moreover, the Co-phytate grown on 3D-NA/Co is also used as the anode in a two-electrode configured alkaline electrolyzer with the sharp decline of energy consumption (41.55 KWh kg^–1_Hydrogen) for hydrogen production. We then determine the insight of the electrocatalytic process toward water oxidation on our prepared electrode. First, the results reveal that the 3D-substrate can obviously reduce the resistance for the electron transfer during the oxygen evolution turnover. In addition, the introduction of active cobalt plating will lead to the self-supported Co-phytate nanostructures generation, which can significantly enlarge the electrochemically active surface area (EASA). Further, the electrode after catalysis is also characterized, and we find that the nanostructured cobalt oxo/hydroxide are densely grown on the original Co-phytate nanoplates. These core/shell nanocomposites not only own higher EASA but also obviously decrease the free-energy change during the O–O formation of the CoO₆-based intermediate affected by the phytate group

Microwave-Assisted Chemical-Vapor-Induced in Situ Polymerization of Polyaniline Nanofibers on Graphite Electrode for High-Performance Supercapacitor

Polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers-coated graphite electrode is fabricated by microwave-assisted chemical vapor induced in situ polymerization in the presence of ammonium persulfate. The microstructure and electrochemical performance of the as-prepared nanofibers are investigated in detail. The obtained PANI nanofibers at the optimum volume ratio of 4% aniline, with some protuberances on the surface and the diameter from 50 to 100 nm, are coated onto the surface of graphite electrode. The PANI-coated graphite electrodes display the best electrochemical performance in 6 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte, including a large reversible capacity of 2136 F g^–1 at the current density of 1 A g^–1 and excellent rate capability. In particular, The PANI-coated graphite electrode exhibits a long cycle life by retaining 91% of the initial specific capacitance after 1000 cycles. More importantly, a symmetric supercapacitor was fabricated using PANI-coated graphite electrode, showing maximum energy density and power density of 24 Wh kg^–1 and 6000 W kg^–1, respectively

Self-Replicating Catalyzed Hairpin Assembly for Rapid Signal Amplification

A rapid signal amplification system based on the self-replicating catalyzed hairpin assembly is reported in which two hairpins, H1 and H2, were well-designed in which two split target/trigger DNA and two split G-quadruplex sequences were respectively integrated into H1 and H2. Target/trigger DNA can be cyclically used in this system to form the duplex DNA assemblies (H1–H2), which will bring the two G-quadruplex fragments into close-enough proximity to induce the formation of intact G-quadruplex as a colorimetric signal readout. Similarly, the two split target/trigger DNA sequences will reunite into a DNA sequence that is identical to the target/trigger DNA; then, the obtained replica can also be cyclically used as a new activator unit to trigger the CHA reaction, leading to the rapidly and significantly enhanced formation of target/trigger DNA replicas with the concomitant generation of a higher signal. This self-replication-based autocatalytic signal amplified approach has been successfully used to develop a rapid and visual assay for DNA and small molecule detection

Synthesis of 3D-Nanonet Hollow Structured Co₃O₄ for High Capacity Supercapacitor

A 3D-nanonet structured cobalt-basic-carbonate precursor has been obtained by a facile, low cost and eco-friendly route under ambient temperature and pressure. After calcination in air, the as-prepared precursor was converted to a 3D-nanonet hollow structured Co₃O₄ with its original frame structure almost preserved. Encouragingly, by alternating experimental parameters (Table S1 in the Supporting Information), such as concentration of the starting reagents and calcination temperature, we got the optimized condition for the final product with desirable electrochemical performance (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). The pseudocapacitive properties of the obtained Co₃O₄ were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 6.0 M KOH solution. At different scan rates of 5, 10, 20, and 30 mV s^–1, the corresponding specific capacitances were 820, 755, 693, and 656 F g^–1, respectively. The material also exhibited superior charge–discharge stability and maintained 90.2% of its initial capacitance after 1000 continuous charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A g^–1. From a broad view, our research and the outstanding results not only present a feasible access to nanostructured Co₃O₄ but also remind us of paying more attention to the simple synthetic methods without complex processes and sophisticated instruments

Synthesis of 3D-Nanonet Hollow Structured Co₃O₄ for High Capacity Supercapacitor

A 3D-nanonet structured cobalt-basic-carbonate precursor has been obtained by a facile, low cost and eco-friendly route under ambient temperature and pressure. After calcination in air, the as-prepared precursor was converted to a 3D-nanonet hollow structured Co₃O₄ with its original frame structure almost preserved. Encouragingly, by alternating experimental parameters (Table S1 in the Supporting Information), such as concentration of the starting reagents and calcination temperature, we got the optimized condition for the final product with desirable electrochemical performance (Figure S1 in the Supporting Information). The pseudocapacitive properties of the obtained Co₃O₄ were evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge–discharge measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in 6.0 M KOH solution. At different scan rates of 5, 10, 20, and 30 mV s^–1, the corresponding specific capacitances were 820, 755, 693, and 656 F g^–1, respectively. The material also exhibited superior charge–discharge stability and maintained 90.2% of its initial capacitance after 1000 continuous charge–discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A g^–1. From a broad view, our research and the outstanding results not only present a feasible access to nanostructured Co₃O₄ but also remind us of paying more attention to the simple synthetic methods without complex processes and sophisticated instruments

Modeling and Predicting Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Trends Based on Meteorological Factors in Hu County, China

<div><p>Background</p><p>Hu County is a serious hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) epidemic area, with notable fluctuation of the HFRS epidemic in recent years. This study aimed to explore the optimal model for HFRS epidemic prediction in Hu.</p><p>Methods</p><p>Three models were constructed and compared, including a generalized linear model (GLM), a generalized additive model (GAM), and a principal components regression model (PCRM). The fitting and predictive adjusted R² of each model were calculated. Ljung-Box Q tests for fitted and predicted residuals of each model were conducted. The study period was stratified into before (1971–1993) and after (1994–2012) vaccine implementation epochs to avoid the confounding factor of vaccination.</p><p>Results</p><p>The autocorrelation of fitted and predicted residuals of the GAM in the two epochs were not significant (Ljung-Box Q test, P>.05). The adjusted R² for the predictive abilities of the GLM, GAM, and PCRM were 0.752, 0.799, and 0.665 in the early epoch, and 0.669, 0.756, and 0.574 in the recent epoch. The adjusted R² values of the three models were lower in the early epoch than in the recent epoch.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>GAM is superior to GLM and PCRM for monthly HFRS case number prediction in Hu County. A shift in model reliability coincident with vaccination implementation demonstrates the importance of vaccination in HFRS control and prevention.</p></div

Table_1_Outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound-guided ablation and minimally invasive surgery in the treatment of pancreatic insulinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.docx

Background and aimsMost pancreatic insulinomas can be treated by minimally invasive modalities. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the clinical outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided ablation and minimally invasive surgery (MIS) in the treatment of pancreatic insulinoma.Materials and methodsOnline databases were searched for relevant studies. The primary aim was to compare the rates of adverse events (AEs) and the secondary aims were to compare the clinical and technical success rates, length of hospital stays, and symptom recurrence rates between EUS and MIS approaches.ResultsEight studies with 150 patients were identified that reported EUS-guided ablation outcomes, forming the EUS group, and 9 studies with 236 patients reported MIS outcomes, forming the MIS group. The pooled median age of the included patients in the EUS group was greater than that of the MIS group (64.06 vs. 44.98 years old, p 2 = 60.3%) was significantly shorter than in the MIS group (7.40 days, 95% CI: 6.22–8.58, I2 = 42.2%, p ConclusionsEUS-guided ablation is associated with a lower AE rate and a shorter length of hospital stay, but a higher recurrence rate for the treatment of insulinoma compared with MIS. The EUS approach may be an alternative, even first-line, treatment for poor surgery candidates.</p

Predicting and Evaluating the Epidemic Trend of Ebola Virus Disease in the 2014-2015 Outbreak and the Effects of Intervention Measures

<div><p>We constructed dynamic Ebola virus disease (EVD) transmission models to predict epidemic trends and evaluate intervention measure efficacy following the 2014 EVD epidemic in West Africa. We estimated the effective vaccination rate for the population, with basic reproduction number (<i>R</i>₀) as the intermediate variable. Periodic EVD fluctuation was analyzed by solving a Jacobian matrix of differential equations based on a SIR (susceptible, infective, and removed) model. A comprehensive compartment model was constructed to fit and predict EVD transmission patterns, and to evaluate the effects of control and prevention measures. Effective EVD vaccination rates were estimated to be 42% (31–50%), 45% (42–48%), and 51% (44–56%) among susceptible individuals in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, respectively. In the absence of control measures, there would be rapid mortality in these three countries, and an EVD epidemic would be likely recur in 2035, and then again 8~9 years later. Oscillation intervals would shorten and outbreak severity would decrease until the periodicity reached ~5.3 years. Measures that reduced the spread of EVD included: early diagnosis, treatment in isolation, isolating/monitoring close contacts, timely corpse removal, post-recovery condom use, and preventing or quarantining imported cases. EVD may re-emerge within two decades without control and prevention measures. Mass vaccination campaigns and control and prevention measures should be instituted to prevent future EVD epidemics.</p></div

Anodic Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Behavior of Graphite-Like Carbon Nitride and Its Sensing for Rutin

In this paper, the anodic electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) behavior of graphite-like carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) is studied using cyclic voltammetry with triethanolamine (TEA) as a coreactant. The possible anodic ECL response mechanism of the g-C₃N₄/TEA system is proposed. Furthermore, it is observed that the anodic ECL signal can be quenched efficiently in the presence of rutin, on the basis of which a facile anodic ECL senor for the determination of rutin is developed. This ECL sensor is found to have a linear response in the range of 0.20–45.0 μM and a low detection limit of 0.14 μM (at signal-to-noise of 3). These results suggest that semiconductor g-C₃N₄ has great potential in extending the application in the ECL field as an efficient luminophore

Results determined by color Doppler ultrasound.

<p>Results determined by color Doppler ultrasound.</p