Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Motivasi Para Investor Pada Keputusan Pembelian Residensial Properti Di Yogyakarta

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktorlokasi, keuangan, fitur rumah, lingkungan sekitar terhadap motivasi konsumen terhadap pembelian residensial properti di Yogyakarta. Teori yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teori investasi dari Sharpe et al 2006, teori motivasi konsumen dari buku Kotler 2016 dan teori pendukung lainnya. Pada penelitian ini disebarkan sebanyak 150 kuesioner. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis regresi linear berganda dengan program SPSS 19for windows. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan faktorlokasi, keuangan, fitur rumah, lingkungan sekitar berpengaruh positif terhadap motivasi konsumen terhadap pembelian residensial properti di Yogyakarta

Do Reef Fish Habituate to Diver Presence? Evidence from Two Reef Sites with Contrasting Historical Levels of SCUBA Intensity in the Bay Islands, Honduras

<div><p>Contact between humans and the marine environment is increasing, but the capacity of communities to adapt to human presence remains largely unknown. The popularization of SCUBA diving has added a new dimension to human impacts in aquatic systems and, although individual-level impacts have been identified, cumulative effects on ecosystem function and community-wide responses are unclear. In principle, habituation may mitigate the consequences of human presence on the biology of an individual and allow the quick resumption of its ecological roles, but this has not been documented in aquatic systems. Here, we investigate the short-term impact of human presence and the long-term habituation potential of reef-fish communities to recreational SCUBA divers by studying symbiotic cleaning interactions on coral reefs with differing levels of historical contact with divers. We show that incidences of human contact result in a smaller decline in ecosystem function and more rapid resumption of baseline services on a reef in Utila, Honduras that has heavy historical levels of SCUBA diver presence, compared to an un-dived reef site in the Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected Area (CCMPA). Nonetheless, despite the generally smaller change in ecosystem function and decades of regular contact with divers, cleaning behavior is suppressed by >50% at Utila when divers are present. We hypothesize that community-wide habituation of reef fish is not fully achievable and may be biologically restricted to only partial habituation. Differential responses to human presence impacts the interpretation and execution of behavioral research where SCUBA is the predominant means of data collection, and provides an important rationale for future research investigating the interplay between human presence, ecosystem function, and community structure on coral reefs.</p></div

Mean length of time (min) from camera deployment to first successfully completed cleaning interaction at Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected Area (CCMPA, un-dived reef), and Utila (heavily dived reef) with passive ambient SCUBA diver presence and SCUBA diver absence.

<p>Ambient diver presence is here defined as SCUBA divers in the water during video observations, at least 10m distant from the observed anemone station, with bubbles are audible on video footage.</p

Variation in fish client diversity (family) observed during cleaning interactions.

<p>A) direct diver observatons and B) video observations at Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected area (CCMPA, white bars) and Utila (gray bars).</p

Rates of cleaning interactions (number of cleans 20min^-1) between <i>Ancylomenes pedersoni</i> and their client fish across a gradient of diver presence treatments at Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected Area (CCMPA, un-dived reef) and Utila (heavily dived reef).

<p>Data show mean values ± standard error, where <i>n</i> refers to the number of independent anemone cleaning stations observed for each treatment (<i>n</i> ≥ 13). Cleaning rate is defined as the frequency of successfully completed cleaning interactions between shrimps and client fish species over a given time period.</p

Coral reef fish community composition at study sites in the Cayos Cochinos Marine Protected area (CCMPA, white bars) and Utila (gray bars).

<p>Data presented represent the total proportion of fish abundance (means ± 1 SE) at the family level.</p

Map of study sites around Utila, Honduras.

<p>Survey locations are marked, with numbers indicating sites as follows: (1) Spotted Bay, (2) The Maze, (3) Stingray Point, (4) Little Bight, (5) Black Coral Wall, (6) Coral View and (7) Lighthouse Reef. Inset map shows the location of Utila relative to the Caribbean region. Map sourced from GADM database of Global Administrative Areas under a CC BY licence with permission.</p

Changes in fish communities with depth.

<p>(A) Species richness, (B) abundance, (C) biomass down the depth gradient. Figure shows mean and SE. Letters indicate statistically different groups at the p<0.05 level.</p

Change in percentage cover of key benthic groups with depth.

<p>Figure shows mean and SE, letters indicate differences (p>0.05 with one-way ANOVA).</p

Species correlating with changes in their trophic group with depth.

<p>Species correlating with changes in their trophic group with depth.</p