Microbial spectrum of urinary tract infections and its antibiogram in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Urinary tract infections are one of the major health problem effecting both sexes of all age group. UTIs are often treated with different broad-spectrum antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacteria causing urinary tract infections and their susceptibility pattern from patients reporting in RIMS Hospital.Methods: Mid stream urine (MSU) specimens sent to the laboratory from October 2014 to September 2016 were collected and inoculated onto blood agar and MacConkey agar and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. Identification and antibiotic susceptibility test was done following standard operative procedures.Results: 25.66% (1142/4450) samples showed a significant growth out of which 42% (479/1142) were male and 58% (663/1142) were female. E. coli has been found to be the major pathogen causing UTI which account for 61% (696/1142) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 12% (137/1142), CONS 7% (79), Enterococcus spp. 6% (67), Klebsiella spp. 5% (57), Proteus spp. 2% (22), Pseudomonas spp. 2%, Acinetobacter spp. 2% and Candida spp. 3%. Imipenem was the most susceptible antibiotic for Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli (85.9%), Klebsiella spp. (89.4%) and Proteus spp. (95.4%). Vancomycin is 100% sensitive while Linezolid, Nitrofurantoin and Gentamicin are also highly sensitive for both Staphylococcus aureus and CONS.Conclusions: These data may be used to determine trends in antimicrobial susceptibilities, to formulate local antibiotic policies in order to assist clinicians in the rational choice of antibiotic therapy to prevent misuse, or overuse, of antibiotics

A study of Acinetobacter infections in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India

Background: Acinetobacter is an important opportunistic pathogen and is a common cause of hospital acquired infections. Acinetobacter infections are often extremely difficult to treat because of their widespread resistance to the major groups of antibiotics. The study was conducted to determine prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter species isolated from various clinical samples.Methods: Clinical specimens over a period of 2yrs from May 2015 to April 2017 were collected from the patients attending the hospital. Acinetobacter species isolates were identified, and antibiotic susceptibility test was done following standard operative procedures.Results: From 9979 clinical specimens, 3715 were positive for significant bacterial growth of which 111 (2.9%) were culture positive for Acinetobacter spp. Among 111 isolates 109 (98.2%) isolates were Acinetobacter baumanni and 2 (1.8%) were Acinetobacter lwoffii. Maximum isolates were isolated from urine samples 36 (32.4%) and majority of the isolates were from wards (56.7%) giving a probability of increased hospital acquired infections. Maximum resistance was shown by cefipime (80.1%). Imipenem and Meropenem shows resistance of 25.3% and 29.7% respectively. ICU isolates showed extensive resistance in comparison to wards and OPD.Conclusions: Increasing trend of resistance pattern to a large range of antibiotics is a matter of concern. To avoid resistance, antibiotics should be used judiciously, and empirical therapy should be determined for each hospital according to the resistance rates of the hospital. Infection with MDR Acinetobacter species is independently associated with high mortality, emphasizing the need for aggressive infection control strategies

A study of Acinetobacter infections in a tertiary care hospital in Northeast India

Background: Acinetobacter is an important opportunistic pathogen and is a common cause of hospital acquired infections. Acinetobacter infections are often extremely difficult to treat because of their widespread resistance to the major groups of antibiotics. The study was conducted to determine prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter species isolated from various clinical samples.Methods: Clinical specimens over a period of 2yrs from May 2015 to April 2017 were collected from the patients attending the hospital. Acinetobacter species isolates were identified, and antibiotic susceptibility test was done following standard operative procedures.Results: From 9979 clinical specimens, 3715 were positive for significant bacterial growth of which 111 (2.9%) were culture positive for Acinetobacter spp. Among 111 isolates 109 (98.2%) isolates were Acinetobacter baumanni and 2 (1.8%) were Acinetobacter lwoffii. Maximum isolates were isolated from urine samples 36 (32.4%) and majority of the isolates were from wards (56.7%) giving a probability of increased hospital acquired infections. Maximum resistance was shown by cefipime (80.1%). Imipenem and Meropenem shows resistance of 25.3% and 29.7% respectively. ICU isolates showed extensive resistance in comparison to wards and OPD.Conclusions: Increasing trend of resistance pattern to a large range of antibiotics is a matter of concern. To avoid resistance, antibiotics should be used judiciously, and empirical therapy should be determined for each hospital according to the resistance rates of the hospital. Infection with MDR Acinetobacter species is independently associated with high mortality, emphasizing the need for aggressive infection control strategies