8 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
Development of Mo base alloys for conductive metal-alumina cermet applications
A study of thermal expansion for binary Mo-V and ternary Mo-V-Fe/Mo-V-Co alloys has been conducted, with the aim of finding a composition which matches the CTE of 94% alumina ceramic. The overall goal was to identify an alloy which can be used in conductive 27 vol.% metal/73 vol.% alumina cermets. Besides thermal expansion properties, two additional requirements exist for this alloy: (1) compatibility with a hydrogen sinter fire atmosphere and (2) a single phase BCC microstructure. They have identified a ternary alloy with a nominal composition of Mo-22wt.% V-3Fe for use in cermet fabrication efforts. This paper summarizes thermal expansion properties of the various alloys studied, and compares the results with previous CTE data for Mo-V binary alloys
Recommended from our members
A study of Mo-V and Mo-V-Fe alloys for conductive cermet applications
Molybdenum and alumina cermets are currently being used for small, simple geometry, electrical feed-throughs in insulating alumina ceramic bodies. However, with larger and more complex geometries, high residual stresses and cracking of the alumina ceramic occur due to differences in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between cermet and the surrounding 94% alumina. The difference in CTE is caused by the Mo in the cermet, which lowers the CTE of the cermet relative to the 94% alumina ceramic. A study was conducted at Sandia National Laboratories to develop CTE-matched cermets based on binary Mo-V and ternary Mo-V-X alloy systems. It was found that the CTE of 94% alumina (over the range 1,000 C to room temperature) could be precisely matched by a binary Mo-32.5V alloy. However, to address concerns regarding the selective oxidation of V, Mo-V-X alloys with CTE`s similar to 94% alumina were made with Fe or Co additions. The ternary additions are limited to about 3 wt.% to maintain a single phase BCC alloy, and permit some reduction in the V addition. Powders were fabricated from both Mo-27V and Mo-22V-3Fe, and were evaluated in 3 hr./1,625 C cermet sintering trials. The results of those trials suggest that extensive reaction occurs between the Vanadium component of the alloy and the alumina ceramic. In view of these results the authors have begun to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating Iridium alumina cermets. Iridium is an attractive choice due to its close CTE match to 94% alumina ceramic. Preliminary results indicate there is no detrimental reaction between the Iridium and alumina phases
Transformation kinetics of alloys under non-isothermal conditions
The overall solid-to-solid phase transformation kinetics under non-isothermal
conditions has been modeled by means of a differential equation method. The
method requires provisions for expressions of the fraction of the transformed
phase in equilibrium condition and the relaxation time for transition as
functions of temperature. The thermal history is an input to the model. We have
used the method to calculate the time/temperature variation of the volume
fraction of the favored phase in the alpha-to-beta transition in a zirconium
alloy under heating and cooling, in agreement with experimental results. We
also present a formulation that accounts for both additive and non-additive
phase transformation processes. Moreover, a method based on the concept of path
integral, which considers all the possible paths in thermal histories to reach
the final state, is suggested.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures. To appear in Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. En
Recommended from our members
High temperature ductility loss in titanium alloys -- A review
It is well known that two phase titanium alloy systems suffer from an abrupt drop in ductility at elevated temperatures in the range of 1,000 to 1,150 K. This loss of ductility is manifested by easy decohesion of polycrystalline aggregates along the grain boundaries of the high temperature beta phase. If the alloy is in a state of tensile stress at the aforementioned temperatures, cracks initiate at the grain boundaries and propagate readily through the alloy, leading to premature failure. This phenomenon is a cause of major concern in titanium alloy fabrication and welding. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain high temperature crack nucleation and growth along the boundaries. A critical review of the phenomenon and possible mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior will be discussed
Recommended from our members
Transformation kinetics in controlled-power and controlled-temperature cycle testing
On-heating transformation kinetics were investigated for several steels by using a Gleeble capable of programmable power input as well as programmable temperature cycling. Transformation kinetics determined in both modes are reported. The temperature cycles are significantly different between the two modes due to the latent heat associated with the phase transformations. Both diffusion rates and transformation driving force increase with temperature above the eutectoid temperature, therefore the latent heat can potentially have a significant impact on the transformation kinetics. Experiments with plain carbon steels illustrate that the latent heat of austenite formation causes an appreciable temperature arrest during transformation, and the dilatation response is similarly altered. A kinetic transformation model, based on the decomposition of pearlite and the diffusional growth of austenite, reproduced the transient dilatation data obtained from both control modes reasonably well using the same kinetic parameter values
Recommended from our members
The Influence of Melting Process and Parameters on the Structure and Homogeneity of Titanium-Tantalum Alloys
Alloys of titanium with refractory metals are attractive materials for applications requiring high temperature strength and corrosion resistance. However, the widely different characteristics of the component elements have made it difficult to produce sound, compositionally homogeneous ingots using traditional melting techniques. This is particularly critical because the compositional ranges spanned by the micro- and macrosegregation in theses systems can easily encompass a number of microconstituents which are detrimental to mechanical properties. This paper presents results of a study of plasma (PAM) and vacuum-arc (VAR) melting of a 60 wt% tantalum, 40 wt% titanium binary alloy. The structural and compositional homogeneity of both PAM consolidated + PAM remelted, and PAM consolidated + VAR remelted ingots were characterized and compared using optical and electron microscopy and x-ray fluorescence microanalysis. Additionally, the effect of melting parameter, including melt rate and magnetic stirring, was studied. Results indicate that PAM remelting achieves more complete dissolution of lie starting electrode, due to greater local superheat, than does VAR remelting. PAM remelting also produces a finer as-solidified grain structure, due to the smaller molten pool and lower local solidification times. Conversely, VAR remelting produces an ingot with a more uniform macrostructure, due to the more stable movement of the solidification interface and more uniform material feed rate. Based on these results, a three-step process of PAM consolidation, followed by a PAM intermediate melt and a VAR final melt, has been selected for further development of the alloy and processing sequence