54 research outputs found

    Analysis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and ozone pollution: A qualitative study

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    Background: Air pollution is increasingly associated with cardiovascular events. As for ozone (O3) pollution, results are inconsistent though O3 levels are associated with hospital admissions, global mortality, and respiratory, and cardiovascular mortality. Methods: In this time-stratified case-crossover study, the associations between short-term exposure to O3 (on an hourly and daily scale) and out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) were investigated. Specific subgroups were explored by sex, age, diabetes status, for OHCA during non-holiday periods. Data were collected in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, France, in 2015. Data were statistically analyzed using conditional logistic regression (CLR). Results: The study included 1039 cases of OHCA. Significant negative associations were found between OHCA and O3 levels measured in 3 or 4 days before the arrest for all the people, and 1, 2 or 3 days before the arrest for men. As for OHCA during non-holiday periods, there was no significant negative associations but a positive association was revealed for women between OHCA and O3 levels measured in 5 days before the arrest (OR=1.53, P = 0.008). Conclusion: According to the results, OHCA should be investigated during non-holiday periods to control potential confounders that would lead to negative associations. Women might be a susceptible subgroup to O3 pollution. Keywords: Heart arrest, Ozone, Air pollution, Epidemiology, Environmental healt

    Diaminothiazoles Modify Tau Phosphorylation and Improve the Tauopathy in Mouse Models

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    Although Tau accumulation is a feature of several neurodegenerative conditions, treatment options for these conditions are nonexistent. Targeting Tau kinases represents a potential therapeutic approach. Small molecules in the diaminothiazole class are potent Tau kinase inhibitors that target CDK5 and GSK3?. Lead compounds from the series have IC50 values toward CDK5/p25 and GSK3? in the low nanomolar range and no observed toxicity in the therapeutic dose range. Neuronal protective effects and decreased PHF-1 immunoreactivity were observed in two animal models, 3×Tg-AD and CK-p25. Treatment nearly eliminated Sarkosyl-insoluble Tau with the most prominent effect on the phosphorylation at Ser-404. Treatment also induced the recovery of memory in a fear conditioning assay. Given the contribution of both CDK5/p25 and GSK3? to Tau phosphorylation, effective treatment of tauopathies may require dual kinase targeting

    Aperçu de l’utilisation des lichens en thérapeutique : de la tradition aux enjeux actuels

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    Overview of the use of lichens in therapeutics : from tradition to current issues – There are about 20,000 species of lichens. The dual nature of these symbiotic organisms was only brought to light at the end of the 19th century and they are still relatively unknown to the general public. However, throughout history, lichens have been very widely used by mankind, notably for textile dyeing, perfumery, food and therapeutics. From the Middle Ages to the present day, this article proposes to illustrate certain therapeutic uses of lichenic substances which are secondary metabolites of lichens. Many populations still use lichens in traditional medicine today, but this article also presents the current challenges, particularly for the development of antibiotics or anti-cancer drugs.Il existe environ 20 000 espèces de lichens. La nature double de ces organismes symbiotiques n’a été mise en évidence qu’à la fin du XIXe siècle et ils restent encore assez méconnus du grand public. Cependant, à travers l’histoire, les lichens ont été très largement utilisés par l’homme notamment pour la teinture des textiles, la parfumerie, l’alimentation et la thérapeutique… Du Moyen Âge à nos jours, cet article propose d’illustrer certaines utilisations thérapeutiques des substances lichéniques qui sont des métabolites secondaires des lichens. De nombreuses populations utilisent encore de nos jours les lichens en médecine traditionnelle, mais cet article présente également les challenges actuels, notamment pour le développement d’antibiotiques ou d’anticancéreux.Cuny Damien. Aperçu de l’utilisation des lichens en thérapeutique : de la tradition aux enjeux actuels. In: Revue d'histoire de la pharmacie, 107e année, N. 406, 2020. pp. 195-202

    Management du personnel à l'officine (le pharmacien titulaire au coeur de la motivation de ses collaborateurs)

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    LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Les extraits de Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (nouveaux édulcorants d'origine naturelle)

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    LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Changements climatiques et conséquences sur la santé humaine

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    La santé est un enjeu crucial dans notre société. Il est important de comprendre notre climat pour la préserver. De nombreuses incertitudes concernent le climat car les prévisions à long terme sur le climat sont encore difficiles à établir et la recherche d un consensus est aujourd hui très complexe. Il est fort probable que le climat évolue dans l avenir, ce qu il a toujours fait depuis des millions d années. Il faudra donc améliorer les prévisions des modèles climatiques pour se prémunir des risques. La question ici ne se pose plus sur l éventuelle absence de risque mais sur notre capacité d adaptation à gérer les risques futurs.LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Evaluation rétrospective de la prise en charge de la douleur en néonatologie au Centre Hospitalier de Lens (utilisation du saccharose)

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    Depuis 2009, l AFSSAPS a publié des recommandations sur la prise en charge de la douleur du nouveau-né. Les instances de santé insistent notamment sur une meilleure prise en charge des soins, mais aussi sur la douleur que ressent un nouveau-né lors d un geste médical. Elles recommandent également l utilisation de solutions sucrées avant chaque geste invasif. Sur cette base et en collaboration avec l hôpital de Lens, une étude dans les services de néonatalogie a été entreprise. Il s agit d une évaluation sur l utilisation du saccharose ainsi que sur la réalisation de l échelle de douleur et d inconfort du nouveau-né (EDIN). L étude a été réalisée sur 55 nouveau-nés répartis entre le service de réanimation et de médecine néonatale, sur une durée de 743 jours d hospitalisations. Les nouveau-nés ont été répartis en fonction de classe d âge gestationnel et de poids de naissance afin de voir si des différences existaient entre enfant. Les gestes étudiés sont ceux réalisés au quotidien chez ces nouveau-nés: prélèvements sanguins, prélèvements capillaires et poses de voies veineuses. Les résultats obtenus montrent que des lacunes persistent bien qu il s agisse de services sensibilisés à la douleur du nouveau-né. En effet, 86% des EDIN prescrites sont réalisées en réanimation mais seulement 9.6% en médecine. Concernant les pourcentages de saccharose utilisés, ils sont également plus faibles que ceux attendus: 12.08% en réanimation et 26.33% en médecine. Bien que le personnel soignant soit formé à l utilisation du saccharose, il semble qu il existe des difficultés à son application. Le saccharose est une nouvelle alternative thérapeutique mais il reste encore du chemin à parcourir avant que cela ne soit utilisé de façon systématique à l hôpital.LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    La phytoremédiation (un moyen de lutter contre la pollution de l'air à l'intérieur des locaux ?)

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    LILLE2-BU Santé-Recherche (593502101) / SudocSudocFranceF

    The comet assay in higher terrestrial plant model: Review and evolutionary trends

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    The comet assay is a sensitive technique for the measurement of DNA damage in individual cells. Although it has been primarily applied to animal cells, its adaptation to higher plant tissues significantly extends the utility of plants for environmental genotoxicity research. The present review focuses on 101 key publications and discusses protocols and evolutionary trends specific to higher plants. General consensus validates the use of the percentage of DNA found in the tail, the alkaline version of the test and root study. The comet protocol has proved its effectiveness and its adaptability for cultivated plant models. Its transposition in wild plants thus appears as a logical evolution. However, certain aspects of the protocol can be improved, namely through the systematic use of positive controls and increasing the number of nuclei read. These optimizations will permit the increase in the performance of this test, namely when interpreting mechanistic and physiological phenomena

    Using lichen biomonitoring to assess environmental justice at a neighbourhood level in an industrial area of Northern France

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    International audience"Environmental inequalities are based on the proximity of socio-economically disadvantaged populations to sources of environmental and public health risks, and have recently been extended to environmental contamination. We evaluated such inequalities using a novel approach, at the scale of neighbourhoods in the industrial area of Dunkerque, France, by associating an index of social disadvantage with environmental biomonitoring measurements.A Localised Disadvantage Index (LDI), which characterises the socio-economic status of populations at a neighbourhood level, was developed using an eco-sociological approach. The burdens of 18 trace elements (TE) were recently determined using samples of epiphytic lichens, collected within the study zone. A mean value of TE burden was modelled for each neighbourhood and an integrated index (Mean Impregnation Ratio, MIR) was generated to assess the level of multi-metallic contamination.LDI mapping reveals socio-economic disparities. The neighbourhoods situated near to factories are the most disadvantaged. Environmental maps reveal high contaminations in the vicinity of the industrial zones. The LDI is significantly correlated with the MIR, and with 16 of 18 TE. Significant differences in the level of contamination are observed between high- and low-deprived neighbourhoods.Our results uncover the presence of environmental inequalities. The most disadvantaged populations live in a strongly contaminated environment. We have pioneered the use of biomonitoring data and an integrated index of contamination for the prospection of environmental inequalities." (source éditeur
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