Turbulencia generada por una corriente de gravedad

Estudiamos las características de las fluctuaciones del campo de velocidad en la parte delantera o cabeza de corrientes de gravedad inerciales generadas en un canal de sección rectangular. Las corrientes estudiadas tienen lugar tanto sobre la superficie horizontal del fondo del canal como inmediatamente debajo de la superficie de separación entre el fluido ambiente y el aire. El campo de velocidad es medido por medio de la trayectorias de partículas (PTV) agregadas al fluido de la corriente y al fluido ambiente, las cuales son iluminadas con una hoja de luz vertical que contiene la dirección de propagación. De este campo obtenemos las características de las fluctuaciones del campo bidimensional de velocidades en el interior y alrededor de la cabeza para distintos números de Reynolds, en particular las distribuciones de la magnitud de las fluctuaciones y del esfuerzo de Reynolds, promediadas durante un cierto tiempo en el marco de referencia que se mueve con la corriente. Los resultados obtenidos permiten obtener una buena descripción de la estructura turbulenta del flujo.We study the main features of the fluctuations of the velocity field inside the head of inertial plane gravity currents generated in a rectangular cross section channel. The currents develop over a horizontal solid bottom or along the liquid free surface. The velocity field is measured by particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) along a plane containing the direction of spreading. We obtain the features of the 2D fluctuations in the velocity field inside and around the leading head of the current for different Reynolds numbers. In particular we report the time-averaged magnitude distributions of the square velocity fluctuations and Reynolds stress in the frame of reference moving with the head, which describe a turbulent structure of the flow.Fil: Thomas, L. P.. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física Arroyo Seco; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Beatriz Maria. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Física Arroyo Seco; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Dalziel, Stuart Bruce. University of Cambridge; Reino Unid

GARP and EARP are required for efficient BoHV-1 replication as identified by a genome wide CRISPR knockout screen

The advances in gene editing bring unprecedented opportunities in high throughput functional genomics to animal research. Here we describe a genome wide CRISPR knockout library, btCRISPRko.v1, targeting all protein coding genes in the cattle genome. Using it, we conducted genome wide screens during Bovine Herpes Virus type 1 (BoHV-1) replication and compiled a list of pro-viral and anti-viral candidates. These candidates might influence multiple aspects of BoHV-1 biology such as viral entry, genome replication and transcription, viral protein trafficking and virion maturation in the cytoplasm. Some of the most intriguing examples are VPS51, VPS52 and VPS53 that code for subunits of two membrane tethering complexes, the endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex and the Golgi-associated retrograde protein (GARP) complex. These complexes mediate endosomal recycling and retrograde trafficking to the trans Golgi Network (TGN). Simultaneous loss of both complexes in MDBKs resulted in greatly reduced production of infectious BoHV-1 virions. We also found that viruses released by these deficient cells severely lack VP8, the most abundant tegument protein of BoHV-1 that are crucial for its virulence. In combination with previous reports, our data suggest vital roles GARP and EARP play during viral protein packaging and capsid re-envelopment in the cytoplasm. It also contributes to evidence that both the TGN and the recycling endosomes are recruited in this process, mediated by these complexes. The btCRISPRko.v1 library generated here has been controlled for quality and shown to be effective in host gene discovery. We hope it will facilitate efforts in the study of other pathogens and various aspects of cell biology in cattle.</p

The Lantern Vol. 45, No. 1, November 1978

• Here is the Dance • To V.E.H. • The Hard Fist of the North • Early Ridicule • Spectrum - October 6, 1978 • Finally Someone Looks • Windjammer • Bereft • Waiting • Solitary Season • Drifting Downstream • The Dirtiest Joke • The Mannequin Factory • Me • When I am Famous • A Letter to John Hansen • Who Said the Sound of Laughter is Nice? • Throwing Back Her Hair • Don\u27t Let the Cold Become You • Sister • Marxist Drama • Fleeting Love • Music of Spain • (A Selection of Happy Poems) • Sterling St. Jacques • Winter, Verse II • Aventure Chez Le Psychiatre • For Marya • The Night Train • A Rude Awakeninghttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1113/thumbnail.jp

The Grizzly, October 19, 1979

Ursinus - Tohoku Make Exchange • Campus Life Committee • Faculty Makes Recommendations About College Curriculum • Women\u27s Financial Workshop Offered • Letters to the Editor • Ursinus News In Brief: Student teachers assigned; Generous alumni gifts; Alternate weekend • 1979 Homecoming Candidates • The Who - An Interesting Saga • The Long Run - Always Sincere • ProTheatre To Open • Knack Review • Music News: Disco, Tom Petty • C.S. Lewis Forum • Super Sundae • USGA Notes • Fearless Friday Forecast • Young Artists Series Resume • Life In Your Nasal Passage: Frat War Is Hell!!! • Sports Profile: Jim Birchmeier • Harriers Undefeated • Danworth Graduate Fellowships Open • Booters Lose In O.T. • Volleyball Team Aims For .500 Season Record • Gridders Downed In Closing Seconds • Hockey\u27s 3 & 4 Win In Squeakerhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1024/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 46, No. 1, December 1979

• Visions in Chains • The Bean • Who Can We Watch Tonite? • Night Glider • The Hurricane • Crisp New Paper • Compassion • Loneliness • 301 • Ode to Man • Unsteady Hands • The Beachcomber • The Pounce • Graveyard Shift • Houston Refineries • Haiku • The End of the Game • A Rose • Ode to a Ziffle • To Carson McCullers • In the May Month • Ghostly Chanting • Travel Excerpts • Face in the Crowd • Waiting in an Airport • A Taste of Winter\u27s Embracehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1115/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 43, No. 2, May 1977

• Ode to Loneliness • Windy Grief! • Death • The Icicle Vase • To Ellen • The Arrival of Night • The Reserve Clause • The Unspoken War • Bull\u27s Eye • Closing Scene • Brown Bottle Candles • Goodbye • There\u27s Individuality In The Surf • Impermanence • Dark Nightshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1110/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 43, No. 1, Fall 1976

• Frustration • Think Again • My Sweet • Secret Society of One • November Ghosts • A Lonely Girl\u27s Prayer • Visions of You • The Innocence Baby • Society • Silence • Don\u27t Turn Around • Waves • Loneliness • Time Writer • Brood • It\u27s Not Funny • Four Haiku, Entwined • We\u27ll Have to Stop Meeting Like This • Castles In the Sand • The Seahttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1109/thumbnail.jp

The Lantern Vol. 46, No. 2, April 1980

• The Voyage to Man\u27s Destiny • If I Could Keep the Times • Barstool Blues • I Didn\u27t Know • Felonious, Friend • Cool Ride • Georgia • Let Us Eat and Drink • In a Field • New Born Foal • Union to Freedom • In the Woods • Anthropomorphism • Runner • C.C. • Lake Attempt • A Fuzzy Blue Line • Trust Me • Haven\u27t We Met Before? • Rationality • Expecting Me • Short Storyhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/lantern/1116/thumbnail.jp

The structural and geochemical evolution of the continental crust: Support for the oceanic plateau model of continental growth

The problem of the origin of the continental crust can be resolved into two fundamental questions: (1) the location and mechanisms of initial mantle extraction of the primitive crust and (2) the processes by which this primitive crust is converted into the continental crust that presently exists. We know that Archean continental crust is compositionally distinct from younger continental crust. Archean magmatism was dominantly bimodal, mafic thoeleiitic plus dacitic, heavy rare earth element depleted, in contrast to the dominantly unimodal, roughly andesitic calc-alkaline magmatism on younger crust [Taylor and McLennan, 1985; Condie, 1989]. The problem is whether these compositional differences are primarily due to different mechanisms of crustal extraction from the mantle or to different mechanisms of differentiation and alteration of newly formed continental crust

The high affinity selectin glycan ligand C2-O-sLex and mRNA transcripts of the core 2 β-1,6-N-acetylglusaminyltransferase (C2GnT1) gene are highly expressed in human colorectal adenocarcinomas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The metastasis of cancer cells and leukocyte extravasation into inflamed tissues share common features. Specialized carbohydrates modified with sialyl Lewis x (sLe^x) antigens on leukocyte membranes are ligands for selectin adhesion molecules on activated vascular endothelial cells at inflammatory sites. The activity of the enzyme core 2 β1,6 <it>N</it>-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT1) in leukocytes greatly increases their ability to bind to endothelial selectins. C2GnT1 is essential for the synthesis of core 2-branched O-linked carbohydrates terminated with sLe^x(C2-O-sLe^x). Our goal was to determine the expression profiles of C2-O-sLe^xin the malignant progression and metastasis of colorectal adenocarcinomas. The well characterized CHO-131 monoclonal antibody (mAb) specifically recognizes C2-O-sLe^xpresent in human leukocytes and carcinoma cells. Using CHO-131 mAb, we investigated whether C2-O-sLe^xwas present in 113 human primary colorectal adenocarcinomas, 10 colorectal adenomas, 46 metastatic liver tumors, 28 normal colorectal tissues, and 5 normal liver tissues by immunohistochemistry. We also examined mRNA levels of the enzyme core 2 β1,6-<it>N</it>-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (C2GnT1) in 20 well, 15 moderately, and 2 poorly differentiated colorectal adenocarcinomas, and in 5 normal colorectal tissues by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We observed high reactivity with CHO-131 mAb in approximately 70% of colorectal carcinomas and 87% of metastatic liver tumors but a lack of reactivity in colorectal adenomas and normal colonic and liver tissues. Positive reactivity with CHO-131 mAb was very prominent in neoplastic colorectal glands of well to moderately differentiated adenocarcinomas. The most intense staining with CHO-131 mAb was observed at the advancing edge of tumors with the deepest invasive components.</p> <p>Finally, we analyzed C2GnT1 mRNA levels in 37 colorectal adenocarcinomas and 5 normal colorectal tissues by RT-PCR. Significantly, we observed a greater than 15-fold increase in C2GnT1 mRNA levels in colorectal adenocarcinomas compared to normal colorectal tissues.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>C2-O-sLe^x, detected by the CHO-131 mAb, is a tumor associated antigen whose expression is highly upregulated in colorectal adenocarcinomas and metastatic liver tumors compared to normal tissues. C2-O-sLe^xis a potentially useful early predictor of metastasis.</p