THE LESIONS IN THE SKELETAL MUSCLES IN EXPERIMENTAL SCORBUTUS

1. Muscle degeneration was constantly found in the intercostal muscles of scorbutic guinea pigs. 2. It has likewise been found in the masseter and diaphragmatic muscles. 3. Exercise will produce an identical lesion in other skeletal muscles in scorbutic animals. 4. The lesions appear to be an intrinsic part of the scorbutic process. 5. It is suggested that the tenderness over muscles in scorbutic animals and in man may be due to this myopathy

NEUROPATHOGENICITY OF GROUP A COXSACKIE VIRUSES

Coxsackie virus, Group A, Type 14, has been adapted to adult mice and monkeys and induces in them poliomyelitis-like lesions and, in the case of the mice, flaccid paralysis

A CRITERION OF HEMORRHAGIC DIATHESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL SCURVY

1. The degree of scorbutic change in the vessels of animals with experimental scurvy can be roughly measured by establishing the amount of negative pressure required to produce petechial hemorrhages in the skin. 2. The test shows that the hemorrhagic diathesis in experimental scurvy develops earlier than any other known sign of the disease and that it persists in some degree throughout. 3. The response of the blood vessels to the administration of antiscorbutic substances is extremely rapid as shown by the test, but it varies with the amount of antiscorbutic given and its method of administration. 4. The changes in the resistance of the vessels follows a curve which rises towards recovery during the end of the 1st week on a scorbutic diet, reaches a peak in the 2nd week and then falls steadily during the remainder of the course of the disease. This indicates that the course of the disease is not constant and progressive. 5. The test may have clinical value in the diagnosis of scurvy

THE SPARING EFFECT OF COXSACKIE VIRUS INFECTION ON EXPERIMENTAL POLIOMYELITIS

Young mice infected with Group B Coxsackie virus were rendered markedly resistant to poliomyelitis virus given from 4 to 10 days later. A sparing effect was detectable in somewhat older mice and in young mice inoculated with poliomyelitis after shorter intervals, but in both cases few mice survived. Interference was manifest by survival, by prolongation of the course of poliomyelitis, and by a decreased frequency of poliomyelitis

THE SIMULTANEOUS OCCURRENCE OF THE VIRUSES OF CANINE DISTEMPER AND LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS : A CORRECTION OF "CANINE DISTEMPER IN THE RHESUS MONKEY"

A particular strain of canine distemper, long maintained by serial passage in dogs and ferrets was found to contain the virus of lymphocytic choriomeningitis in addition to that of distemper

INCIDENCE OF GASTRIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS FED DIETS DEFICIENT IN VITAMIN B (B1)

73 per cent of a group of albino rats whose diet was deficient in vitamin B have been found to have ulcerations of the gastric mucosa. A control group was found to be free from gastric lesions. Of 74 observed lesions eight were chronic, indurated ulcers resembling chronic peptic ulcer in man. The chronicity of the ulcers seems to be related to the duration rather than the degree of the deficiency. The lesions were generally located along the lesser curvature of the stomach, as is true in man. The size of the lesions in rat and man are comparable if adjustment is made for differences in the sizes of the organs

SUSCEPTIBILITY OF GRAVID MICE TO COXSACKIE VIRUS INFECTION

Gravid mice become progressively more susceptible to infection with the pancreatic line of Group B-1 Coxsackie virus during the last week of pregnancy. A Group A-8 strain did not have such an effect. The young that survive despite the fact that their mothers are infected with a B-1 strain appear to be normal in the gross and microscopically, to grow at the usual rate, to be free of demonstrable virus, and to be susceptible on challenge with a homologous strain

POLIOMYELITIS AS A COMPLEX INFECTION

Young cynomolgus monkeys inoculated intracerebrally with an attenuated Type 1 polio virus and, after 5 days, with a monkey adapted Coxsackie A-14 virus frequently became paralyzed. Neither virus alone was capable of inducing paralysis. Similar results were observed when the AB IV strain of Coxsackie A-7 was substituted for the A-14 virus. In this case the 2nd inoculation was made intramuscularly. Paralytic poliomyelitis may at times represent the summation of two infections, the total of motor neuron destruction by two independent and noninterfering enteroviruses

TOOTH GROWTH IN EXPERIMENTAL SCURVY

1. The incisor teeth of guinea pigs have a constant rate of growth in health. 2. Deprivation of Vitamin C causes the teeth to cease growing. Readministration of the vitamin restores the growth. 3. Administration of small amounts of antiscorbutic substance results in rates of growth roughly proportional to dosage. 4. Under standard experimental conditions used in the testing of foodstuffs for antiscorbutic value, the rate of tooth growth would appear to be a precise indication of the degree of scurvy, being more delicate than the Sherman score, and more constant as well as more simple, than the Höjer method. 5. Stress in terms of usage appears to exaggerate the scorbutic lesions in the teeth

THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE HAMSTER TO MOUSE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS

The OT strain of mouse encephalomyelitis virus induces an inapparent infection in suckling hamsters associated with lesions of the central nervous system and skeletal muscles. The virus increases in pathogenicity after alternating mouse-hamster transfers and then induces both paralysis and encephalitis. Pathogenicity is lost through serial hamster passages but is restored by a single mouse transfer