Nutritional value of organic raw material for poultry

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nutritive interest of different organic and local raw material for organic broiler nutrition. Chemical analysis and balance study on 35 days old broilers (slow growth strain) were conducted to esti mate metablizable energy and protein digestibilty of 11 raw materials.There was a positive correlation between fat content and metabolizable energy. The results indicated that forages and larva of insects could contribute to protein feeding in organic broilers. Technolgy could represent an interesting wazy to increase nutritional value of local seeds (such as linseed, sunflower). There is need to complementary study like amino acid profile or incorporation in the diet during the life of animal

Supplementation with rumen-protected proteins induces resistance to Haemonchus contortus in goats

International audienceResistance to gastro-intestinal nematode (GIN) in small ruminant is expected to arise from protein-rich rather than from energy-rich feeds. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the quality of the dietary proteins on the response of Creole goats to Haemonchus contortus. Three diets were compared: no supplementation (Hay: hay ad libitum), Control supplement (CS: hay ad libitum +2% BW of CS at 70 g of by-pass proteins/kg) and supplement enriched in rumen-protected proteins (RPP: hay ad libitum +2% BW of RPP at 139 g of by-pass proteins/kg). The FEC (faecal eggs counts) and the TFEC (total faecal eggs excreted/day) were significantly lower in the RPP. No difference was found between the supplemented diets for the total number of nematodes, but the RPP reduced the parasite prolificacy. The highest IgA responses were observed in animals with the highest nematode burden (Hay compared with CS diets). However, while the FEC and the TFEC were lower in animals feed with the RPP the IgA response were similar to those of the Hay. The IgA response that control GIN egg production in sheep could be one mediator of the resistance to H. contortus induced with by-pass proteins in goats

Supplementation with Rumen-Protected Methionine Reduced the Parasitic Effect of <i>Haemonchus contortus</i> in Goats

The present study investigated the impact of rumen-protected (RP) methionine supplementation on the resistance and resilience to Haemonchus contortus experimental infection of goat kids. Twenty-seven 6-month-old goat kids (14.55 ± 2.7 kg body weight) were placed in individual pens during an experimental period of forty-two days. Each kid was placed under one of three distinct diets (n = 9 animals/diet) corresponding to the following experimental groups: Control (C, Hay + concentrate), Low Methionine (LM, Hay + concentrate + 3.5 g/Kg of Dry Matter (DM) of RP methionine, or High Methionine (HM, Hay + concentrate + 11.5 g/Kg of DM of RP methionine). After a 4-week period of adaptation to the diets, all the animals were experimentally infected with a single oral dose of 10,000 H. contortus third-stage infective larvae (L3). No significant effect of RP methionine supplementation was observed for feed intake, digestibility and growth performance. The faecal egg counts (FEC) and worm burdens were not impacted by RP methionine supplementation either. In contrast, Packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin concentration were higher in kids supplemented with RP methionine. Similarly, the level of serum IgA directed against adult H. contortus excretion and secretion products (ESP) was higher in supplemented kids. These results suggested that RP methionine supplementation improved goat kids’ resilience against H. contortus infection

Les phytos-progestogènes pour la synchronisation du cycle des truies

National audienc

Territorial biodiversity and consequences on physico-chemical characteristics of pollen collected by honey bee colonies

Pollen resources may become a constraint for the honey bee in cereal farming agrosystems and thus influence honey bee colony development. This survey intended to increase knowledge on bee ecology in order to understand how farming systems can provide bee forage throughout the year. We conducted a 1-year study to investigate the flower range exploited in an agrarian environment in western France, the physico-chemical composition of honey bee-collected pollen, the territorial biodiversity visited by the bee at different periods, and the relationships between these three datasets. Palynological analyses showed the importance of maize among crop pollens and that of weeds during the food shortage period. Pollen protein varied from 16% to 29% and lipids from 7% to 24%. The contribution of different habitats to pollen harvest, was from crops (62%), woods (32%), grasslands (4%), and gardens (1%)

Les phytoprogestagènes contenus dans le trèfle violet et l'igname peuvent-ils influencer la longueur des cycles et les taux de progestérone sanguine et salivaire chez la cochette ?

International audienceEstrus synchronization is necessary to manage batches of sows. It is usually achieved by using synthetic progestagens, but their use contaminates the environment and is forbidden in organic breeding. The aim of this prospective study was to test natural substitutes. Phytoprogestogens concentrations have been measured in red clover (kaempferol and apigenin) and yam (diosgenin). Gilts received a feed ration containing red clover or yam for 18 days, starting 10 days after estrus (estrus 1). Control groups received a classic feed ration with altrenogest® for 18 days starting 10 days after estrus 1 (synthetic synchronization) or without synchronization (3 gilts per group for yam, 4 for red clover). Gilts were subjected to daily standing estrus detection and sampling to analyze progesterone concentration in blood and saliva. Per day, gilts consumed a mean of 2 kg of red clover, containing 0.17 g kaempferol and 0.03 g apigenin/kg dry matter, or 1.1 kg of yam, containing 0.3 g of diosgenin/kg dry matter. In our conditions, consumption of phytoprogestogens had no effect on the interval between estrus 1 and estrus 2. Plasma progesterone concentrations dropped sharply between 15 and 20 days after estrus 1. Saliva progesterone from control, clover and yam groups decreased between 15 and 20 days after estrus 1, but the decrease was smaller than that of plasma progesterone. In our conditions, consumption of phytoprogestogens had no effect on progesterone concentrations in saliva or blood. However, the concentrations of phytoprogestogens in clover and yam were low, so varieties with higher concentrations should be tested

Les phytos-progestogènes pour la synchronisation du cycle des truies

National audienc

The nutritional status affects the complete blood count of goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus

Background: Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) remains the most important pathogenic constraint of small ruminant production worldwide. The improvement of the host immune response against GIN though breeding for improved animal resistance, vaccination and nutritional supplementation appear as very promising methods. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of four nutritional status differing in protein and energy levels (Hay: 5.1 MJ/Kg of dry matter (DM) and 7.6% of crude protein (CP), Ban: 8.3 MJ/Kg of DM and 7.5% of CP, Soy: 7.6 MJ/Kg of DM and 17.3% of CP, BS: 12.7 MJ/Kg of DM and 7.4% of CP) on the haematological disturbances due to Haemonchus contortus infection in Creole kid goats. Results: No significant effect of the nutritional status was observed for faecal egg count (FEC) but the experimental infection induced haematological disturbances whose intensity and lengthening were dependent on the nutritional status. A transient marked regenerative macrocytic hypochromic anaemia as revealed by a decrease of packed cell volume (PCV), red blood cells (RBC) and hemoglobin and an increase of reticulocytes was observed in all infected groups except Hay. In this latter, the anaemia settled until the end of the experiment. Furthermore, H. contortus induced a thrombocytopenia significantly more pronounced in the group under the lowest nutritional status in term of protein (Hay and Ban). A principal component analysis revealed that the variables that discriminated the nutritional status were the average daily gain (ADG) and the PCV, considered as measures of the level of resilience to H. contortus infection. Moreover, the variables that discriminated infected and non-infected animals were mostly related to the biology of RBC (i.e. size and hemoglobin content) and they were correlated with FEC. Conclusions: The severity and the lengthening of the regenerative anaemia and the thrombocytopenia induced by H. contortus have been affected by the nutritional status. The protein enriched diets induced resilience to the infection rather than resistance. This suggests that resilience is associated with an improved regenerative capacity of the bone marrow. However, this needs to be further investigated to understand the relationships between resistance, resilience and dietary supplementation

Les phytos-progestogènes pour la synchronisation du cycle des truies

National audienc